Category Archives: Cash Flow

Best Investment Advice by Brian Feroldi

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  1. Don’t sell too early. Let your winner run and experience the magic compound growth over the long term.
  2. Capital is precious and limited, buy high-quality, avoid garbage. Doing nothing is almost always the best investing strategy and tactic. Valuing and researching great companies is also extremely important.
  3. Sometimes, the best stock you can buy is the one you already own. Add to your winners and not your losers. Winners tend to keep on winning.
  4. Your biggest edges as a retail investor are focus, discipline and patience, don’t waste it.
  5. Get comfortable doing nothing. Doing nothing is almost always the best investing strategy and tactic. It’s really hard to get comfortable doing nothing, but you have to get comfortable doing nothing. Valuing and researching great companies is also extremely important.
  6. Know what metrics to look at, and when to look at them, and when to ignore them. Study the business cycle. Know what valuation metrics matter, when they matter and when they don’t.
  7. Personal finances come first. Make sure you have an emergency fund, because life happens.
  8. You’re going to be wrong a lot. Get comfortable with that. If you buy ten stocks, six will be losers, three will be market beaters and one will perform extraordinarily.
  9. Find an investing buddy, or rather don’t invest alone. Get involved in a good community of investors. Find like-minded people. The Internet makes that so much easier.
  10. Watch the business and not the market price of the stock. What really matter in the long-term is the company’s fundamentals.

References:

  1. https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/03/20/top-10-investing-lessons-for-our-younger-selves/

Cash Flow is King During Retirement

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Cash flow, or money going in and out of your household bank account, may be the most important personal financial metric for retirees. Cash flow positive retirees are financially good to go and do not worry about paying their bills.

Retirees, and their Financial advisers, often focus only on the money in side of cash flow, that is retirement income. But retirees should thoroughly evaluate the target and aim of cash flow. That is expenses or the money out side of the ledger, also.

Thus, it is essential for retirees not to skip over a thorough review of estimated retirement cash flow.

Knowledge is power. To know thyself was such an important principle that this adage was inscribed on the Temple of Apollo in Ancient Greece. When retirement savings and cash flow are on the line, do not allow stock market fear impact your investment decisions.

Reviewing expenses empowers you with information to make informed, realistic decisions. A known fear is less intimidating than an imagined, uninformed worry.

Here are some suggestions to help retirees navigate volatile markets and perform an essential cash flow assessment.

  • A cash flow management isn’t budgeting. It is a process of clarity and honesty. It helps retirees really see all their income (money in) and spending (money out). Cash flow management allows you to see what you are doing wrong (or right). Knowledge is power and financial freedom.
  • Be realistic. Health care is a huge expense, for example. So, plan realistically. Living expenses are often more than anticipated and returns on investment are never consistent. Be conservative in your estimations and assumptions.
  • Get comprehensive. Beyond the standard expenses, make sure to allot expenses for items such as continuing home repairs, occasional renovations and automobile replacement costs.
  • Don’t get lost in the weeds. It is more important to capture all the large expenses than worry about recording precise numbers. It isn’t necessary to record the past year’s expenses down to the penny.
  • Control your emotions. Retirees, like all people, are emotional. However, emotional people don’t make the best investors or managers of personal cash flow. Do not allow fear impact your investing or cash flow. As Warren Buffett said, “If you cannot control your emotions, you cannot control your emotion.”

When stocks are down and stock markets are crashing, ‘don’t watch the markets closely’ and ‘stick to your financial plan’. If you were to react to the market wild swings and all the fear everyone has when it drops, you’ll end up with less value and cash flow than you started, every time. The stock market will fluctuate up and down dramatically at times. It is not always a rational and logical place because of fear.

References:

  1. https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/cash-flow-king-when-planning-retirement-2016-08-12

The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of BrowleeGlobal, LLC

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Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

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Discounted cash flow model can be used for financial valuation of a project, company, stock, bond or any income producing asset.

Discounted cash flow is a financial valuation method that calculates the value of an investment based on the present value of its future income or cash flow. The method helps to evaluate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity based on its projected future cash flows.

Free Cash flow to the firm (FCFF) means the amount of surplus cash flow available to a business after a it pays its operational expenses like inventory, rent, salaries etc. and also invests in fixed assets like plant and machinery, property etc. Cash is an important element of business. It is required for business functioning; some investors provide more value to cash flow statements than other financial statements.

Free cash flow is important metric as it tells about the company’s ability to deploy capital in future projects. Without cash, it’s tough to develop new products, make acquisitions, pay dividends, buyback shares and reduce debt. Also, as cash is difficult to manipulate compared to other variables, FCFF is more reliable indicator of a company’s performance than net earnings.

DCF model can be used for valuation of a project, company, stock, bond or any income producing asset. The DCF method can be used for the companies which have positive Free cash flows and these FCFF can be reasonably forecasted. So, it cannot be used for new and small companies or industries which have greater exposure to seasonal or economic cycles.

To use the Discounted Cash Flow Model to Value Stock:

Step 1 : Calculate the Free Cash flow to the firm

Step 2 : Project the future FCFF – You need to project the future FCFF for the next couple of years. You can analyze the historical data to understand the past FCFF growth trend. However, relying on historical data only won’t give you the right result, so consider the present financials as well as future potential of the company while projecting the growth rate. When conducting a DCF analysis, investors and businesses must make estimations for future cash flows and the future value of the investment. For instance, a company considering a new business acquisition must estimate the future cash flows from expanding its processes and operations with the acquisition. The estimates the company makes can help determine if the investment is worth the cost of the acquisition.

Step 3 : Discount the FCFF — Calculate the present value of this cash flow by adjusting it with the discount rate. Discount rate is your expected return %. The discount rate is one of the most important elements of the DCF formula. Businesses need to identify an appropriate value for the discount rate if they are unable to rely on a weighted average cost of capital. Additionally, the discount rate can vary depending on a range of factors like an organization’s risk profile and the current conditions of capital markets. If you are unable to determine a discount rate or rely on a WACC value, an alternative model may be more beneficial and accurate.

Step 4 : Calculate the Terminal Value — It is the value of the business projected beyond the forecasting period. It is calculated by assuming the constant growth of a company beyond a certain period known as terminal rate.

When valuing a business, the annual forecasted cash flows typically used are 5 years into the future, at which point a terminal value is used.  The reason is that it becomes hard to make reliable estimates of how a business will perform that far out into the future. There are two common methods of calculating the terminal value:

  • Exit multiple (where the business is assumed to be sold)
  • Perpetual growth (where the business is assumed to grow at a reasonable, fixed growth rate forever)

Step 5 : Add discounted FCFF with Terminal value and adjust the total cash and debt.

Step 6 : Divide the Figure calculated in Step 5 by the outstanding number of shares to find out the DCF Value.

Step 7 : Adjust the Margin of Safety to find out the Fair value. Margin of Safety provides discount for uncertainties in the business.

When assessing a potential investment, it’s important to take into account the time value of money or the required rate of return that you expect to receive.

The DCF formula takes into account how much return you expect to earn, and the resulting value is how much you would be willing to pay for something to receive exactly that rate of return.

  • If you pay less than the DCF value, your rate of return will be higher than the discount rate.
  • If you pay more than the DCF value, your rate of return will be lower than the discount.

The DCF formula is used to determine the value of a business or a security.  It represents the value an investor would be willing to pay for an investment, given a required rate of return on their investment (the discount rate).

When using the DCF analysis, determine the discount rate and have estimates for future cash flows. Apply these values in the DCF formula to create a future outline that details expected returns. If the results appear at or above a company’s initial projections for future cash flows, then investing can be beneficial. However, if the discounted cash flow formula results in a value below a company’s projected future returns, it may consider alternative investments.

References:

  1. https://www.finology.in/Calculators/Invest/DCF-Calculator.aspx
  2. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/valuation/dcf-formula-guide/
  3. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/discounted-cash-flow

Buying Stocks On the Dip

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“Be Fearful When Others Are Greedy and Greedy When Others Are Fearful.” ~Warren Buffett

Billionaire investor Warren Buffett added shares of companies during the market downturn. He has been acquiring stocks on the dip during the recent quarter’s market downturn and bulking up his stakes in oil companies such as Occidental Petroleum (OXY)

Buying a ‘Wonderful Company at a Fair Price’

The most important concept to appreciate when buying stocks is that price is what you pay for a stock, and value is what you get. Paying too high a price can decimate returns and increase your investing risk. 

To delve deeper, the value of a stock is relative to the number of earnings or cash flow the company will generate over its lifetime. In particular, this value is determined by discounting all future cash flows back to a present value, or intrinsic value.

Buffett has said that “it is much better to buy a wonderful business at a good price than a good business at a wonderful price”.

Buffett’s investing style has been buying stocks on sale priced below its intrinsic value. He has never been one that favors acquiring commodities, but higher inflation rates could have played a role, Thomas Hayes, chairman of Great Hill Capital in New York, commented.

“As for Buffett buying shares in OXY, I wouldn’t make too much on it,” Hayes said. “Historically, he has avoided investing in commodity stocks. Today he sees it as a hedge against inflation and a potential supply/demand imbalance.”

Inflation is the biggest strain on the economy. While the pace of inflation eased slightly during the month of April, investor sentiment towards the Fed’s pace of tightening remains mixed.

The fact that he is deploying his war chest of cash is a strong indication that he and his lieutenants believe that there are undervalued stocks out there,” he said. “This doesn’t mean he believes that the market is undervalued or will rebound in the near future, but that some companies are compelling buys. This is a good signal for value investors.”

Buffett’s energy investments demonstrate the 91-year old’s investing strategy of acquiring shares in companies that have low valuations and shareholder returns in the form of dividends and buybacks, Art Hogan, chief market strategist B Riley Financial, told TheStreet.

References:

  1. https://www.thestreet.com/investing/buffett-buying-stocks-on-the-dip

Blackstone Group

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The Principles that Matter Most to Blackstone Group

Accountability • Excellence • Integrity • Teamwork • Entrepreneurship

Blackstone Group is the world’s leading alternative asset manager. Alternative asset investments refer to financial assets that don’t fall under the conventional categories like stocks, bonds, and cash. An alternative asset manager invests in things that average investors typically don’t have access to, according to Entrepreneur magazine.

Blackstone contends that everything they do is guided by these principles, which define their character and culture . These enduring qualities are the shared convictions that they bring to their professional and personal conduct. They are a fundamental strength of their business.

Some examples of alternative assets include private equity or venture capital, hedge funds, distressed debt, commodities, and real estate. Since they are complex investments that are not regulated by the SEC and can be illiquid, alternative investments are usually held by institutional investors or high-net-worth individuals.

Blackstone operates in four different segments:

  1. Private equity,
  2. Real estate,
  3. Hedge fund solutions, and
  4. Credit & insurance.

Many investors and institutions are looking to take advantage of alternative investments in the current low-interest-rate economic environment. With Blackstone, you have a team of financial asset management experts hunting down undervalued assets and making deals to generate returns for your portfolio. The company is known for delivering excess returns.

“Blackstone reported the best results in our 36-year history”, Blackstone CEO Stephen Schwarzman stated. “Earnings increased dramatically, and all of our key financial and capital metrics reached record or near-record levels.”

They can include private equity, hedge funds, venture capital, real estate, and derivatives contracts, which are investments that are typically intended for institutional or accredited investor. It’s an area of financial services that can be incredibly lucrative for investors.

References:

  1. https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/392789
  2. https://www.marketbeat.com/originals/blackstone-group-nyse-bx-stock-a-buy-after-posting-record-profits/

4 Steps to Build, Manage and Preserve Wealth

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The requirements for building, managing and preserving wealth are simple, mundane and practical, if you choose to pursue it. The requirements are:

  • Commitment so that you prioritize the steps, habits and behaviors necessary to build wealth; otherwise, life will just get in the way.
  • Planning and creating systems based on proven principles and strategies that actually work.
  • Action because nothing happens without persistent, disciplined action over the long term to reach the your wealth goals.

What is “Wealth-Building?”

Wealth building is the process of generating long-term income through multiple sources. The sources includes savings, investments, and any income-generating assets. The wealth building definition requires proper financial behaviors, planning and goal,setting. Many individuals turn to wealth building as a way to achieve financial freedom and acquire cash flow to fund their lifestyle and retirement.

The 4 Steps to Building, Managing and Preserving Wealth

To build wealth, you must follow four simple steps: make money, save money, invest money and manage cash flow. Before investing, it is essential to have a reliable source of income. After securing a reliable source of income, it is recommended save regularly and paying yourself first. Finally, it is time to invest in assists and manage your cash flow.

1. Making Money

This step may seem obvious and is fundamental to wealth-building. A small amount of regular savings from your income can compound into a substantial amount. An important question to ask yourself is whether or not your current job can provide you with a regular amount of savings for 40 to 50 years. If not, it may be time to look for ways to increase your income.

The two basic types of income are earned and passive. Earned income comes from your employment, while passive income comes from investments. To increase your earned income, you may first have to make changes in your occupation. Consider investing in your education and other forms of training to help you become a stronger candidate for your desired job.

2. Saving Money

The second key to wealth-building is setting aside a portion of your earned income regularly. Once you have saved enough, you can start investing to grow passive income. Here are a few ways to to start saving money:

  • Keep track of your spending each month, and then eliminate the spending that you don’t need or does not align with your values
  • Adjust your budget to the point in which you’re saving every month.
  • Always have about 6 months’ worth of expenses saved in case of emergencies. Having a cushion will help prevent you from derailing your finances every time something unexpected happens.
  • Contribute to your retirement plan. If your employer offers a matching plan, definitely take advantage of it. Don’t leave free money on the table.

3. Investing Money

Once you have saved, you can start investing your money. However, to build a diverse investment portfolio, you will have to take a few risks. It is important to research how much asset allocation is appropriate for you. While you can do this research yourself, using a financial advisor is also recommended for new investors. They can help you gain clarity on your investment goals, time horizon, and how much risk you can stomach. Based on these insights, they can help you build a diversified portfolio that is risk-averse, moderate, or aggressive, based on your preferences.

4. Managing Cash Flow

Cash flow is king!

Your net worth, which is how wealth is measured, is an extremely important factor in wealth building. However, to live the lifestyle of your dreams, you must be able to generate positive cash flow from your wealth.

Cash flow is defined as income (cash in) minus expenses (cash out). And, the simpler your lifestyle and the better you manage your spending and expenses, the less income is required from your investments to live the life of your dreams and to achieve financial freedom.

To create a wealth building system, you can establish long term investing strategy and portfolio, and achieve financial freedom. Choosing the right wealth building assets comes down to which opportunities best suit your financial goals. With the right planning, investors can be well on their way to building, managing and preserving wealth.

In short, successful building, managing and preserving wealth are necessary requirements to achieve financial freedom. And, financial freedom buys you time and with time you can discover and experience what you really want out of life.

References:

  1. https://financialmentor.com/category/wealth-building/wealth-program-system
  2. https://www.fortunebuilders.com/wealth-building-assets/

Inflation…the Enemy of Savers

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Inflation is the enemy of those who save.

For most of the 21st century, savers and investors have experienced a favorable period of relative low inflation stock market growth. In fact, the average annual inflation rate from 2000 through 2021 was 2.31%. Even with that “low” inflation rate, the proverbial uninvested dollar hidden under one’s mattress in the year 2000 would be worth a mere $0.62 today.

With inflation approaching 7% in late 2021, we’re on the precipice of witnessing the rapid erosion in the value of the dollar which will create substantial risk for ordinary savers and ultra conservative investors. Keeping your money in a savings account, money market or CDs is failing to protect it from inflation.

Instead, the best place to invest is in the economy. While large sums of money are generally required to purchase real estate or a small business, the stock market allows those with limited capital a means to invest regularly in a wide variety of businesses and benefit from the strength of the economy.

The equity markets have a history of robust returns over the long run. Over the last one hundred years, the average annual stock market return is 10%. That means investors who stay invested are nearly doubling their investments every seven years.

Some individuals view the stock market as too risky and they literally view investing in the market as “gambling”. But, when you choose to use less “risky” investments like bonds rather than investing in stocks, the results vary great.

A study by NYU’s Stern School of Business gives insights into historical returns provided by an investment in U.S. Treasury bonds as opposed to corporate bonds and the S&P 500.

Assume an investor received a $300 inheritance on the day he was born. On that date, his parents invested $100 (the inflation-adjusted equivalent of $1,630 today) in several asset classes in 1928.

As of September of 2021, the above investor would have $8,920.90 in U.S. Treasury bonds, $53,736.50 from corporate bonds, and $592,868 in returns from an index fund that tracked the S&P 500.

Obviously, the stock market beats “safe” investments. While bonds might play an important role in a balanced portfolio, a 100% bond portfolio will fail to achieve the investment goals for most.

Investing a little now is better than a lot later

“Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world. He who understands it, earns it … he who doesn’t … pays it.” – Albert Einstein

A strong argument can be made that the amount of time one is in the market is of more importance than the sum invested in stocks.

Consistently timing the market is impossible. There literally is no human being who can claim that he or she has been successful at that task with any degree of honesty. However, timing the market is not only unachievable, attempting to time the market can lead to poor investment returns.

Over time, this would result in an ever-falling income stream. You spent your life buying stocks because they are a great source of return, that doesn’t stop just because you retire! The market is still the best source of future returns, you should be continuing to buy more, not sell!

If one largely invests in stocks with yields of 5% or more, you can receive a substantial annual income without cannibalizing your portfolio. Furthermore, if the average annual market return is 10%, a stock that yields in the high single digits does not need to appreciate markedly to provide market-beating returns.

Higher yield stocks outperform more often. They distribute cash on a recurring basis, whether share prices are up or down. Prices are volatile, and at the whims of emotional investors, dividends are the profit generated by the business and distributed to shareholders.

Any investor with an employer with matching contributions should take full advantage of that opportunity. Any investor with an employer with matching contributions should take full advantage of that opportunity.

By investing in dividend-bearing stocks and resisting the temptation to time the markets, you can be well on your way to building wealth and achieving financial freedom.

References:

  1. https://seekingalpha.com/article/4484316-retirement-what-novice-investors-must-know

Free Cash Flow

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Free cash flow is the amount of leftover money in a company.

Cash flow is simply the difference between money coming in versus the money going out. It is arguably the most important financial metric for evaluating a person’s or company’s financial worth or intrinsic value.

Free cash flow (FCF) is the amount of cash (operating cash flow) which remains in a business after all expenditures (debts, expenses, employees, fixed assets, plant, rent etc.) have been paid. Free cash flow represents a company’s current cash value.

Cash Flow Versus Free Cash Flow

  • Cash flow is the flow of cash coming in and going out of a business over a certain period of time. It is presented in a cash flow statement.
  • Free cash flow represents the amount of disposable cash in a business (remaining after all expenditures). Sometimes, free cash flow is considered to be a company’s current cash value. Though, since it does not take into consideration a business’s growth potential, it is not normally considered a business valuation.

Free cash flow is the amount of cash that a company can put aside after it has paid all of its expenses at the end of an accounting period. It is an important measurement of the unconstrained cash flow of the company. It measures a company’s ability to generate internal growth and to return profits to shareholders.

Calculation of Free Cash Flow

FCF is simply a company’s operating cash flow (OCF) minus capital expenditures (CapEx). FCF represents how much money a company has after being free from its obligations.

  • Free cash flow = Net cash flow from operating activities – capital expenditures – dividends

Positive free cash flow means that a company has done a good job of managing its cash. If free cash flow is negative then the company may have to look for other sources of funding such as issuing additional shares or debt financing.

Negative free cash flow is not necessarily an indication of a bad company, however, since many young companies put a lot of their cash into investments, which diminishes their free cash flow. But if a company is spending so much cash, it should have a good reason for doing so and it should be earning a sufficiently high rate of return on its investments.

Free cash flow can be used to expand operations, bring on additional employees or invest in additional assets, and it can be put toward acquisitions or paid out in dividends to shareholders or used to buyback company’s shares.

References:

  1. https://strategiccfo.com/free-cash-flow-analysis/
  2. https://www.growthforce.com/blog/free-cash-flow-what-does-it-mean-for-business-growth

Long Term Investing is about Future Cash Flow

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Ultimately, in long term investing, fundamentals and cash flow are paramount for an investor (an investor is a business owner).

Years ago, a hockey game between the Boston Bruins and Edmonton Oilers had been paused for some technical issues with the stadium lights. To kill some time, the announcers started interviewing people including the Edmonton Oilers, Wayne Gretzky, undoubtedly the world’s greatest hockey player at the time. The announcer stated that Gretzky wasn’t the biggest guy in the league, or the strongest, or the fastest or the toughest, yet he was regarded as the greatest hockey player in the world.  So, how then did Gretzky explain his own genius?  Gretzky simply replied:

“I don’t go where the puck is; I go where the puck is going to be!”

In a simple one liner, Gretzky confirmed that his success did not come from chasing the puck. Instead it came from staying one step ahead and by anticipating  where the puck would  likely go next.

Thus, it is important to look at the future potential of a stock or investment instead of focusing solely on past performance. Long term investing is about looking from the perspective of a business owner at a company’s fundamentals and cash flow.

Cash Flow

In finance, cash flow (CF) is the term used to describe the amount of cash (currency) that is generated or consumed in a given time period by a business. It has many uses in both operating a business and in performing financial analysis. In fact, it’s one of the most important metrics in all of finance and accounting.

Every investment is the present value of all future cash flow.

Many investors are lured by short term performance.  They are interested in finding the latest, hottest, top performing stocks and investments driven by the financial entertainment media.  However, investors who buy those top performing investments today may not necessarily enjoy the same returns in the future. In investing, it’s essential you approach buying stocks like a business owner.

Cash flow is not the same as net income (or profit).

While cash flow describes the movement of money into and out of your business, profit is the surplus of money your business has after you’ve subtracted the revenue from your expenses.

The inflow and outflow of cash into and out of a company reflects the health of that company’s operations. That’s why it’s important as an investor (business owner) to be able to understand a company’s fundamentals and cash flow.

Cash flow is more dynamic in concept then profit – as it measures the movement of money – then profit, which simply demonstrates how much money you have left over after your expenses have been deducted. Even a profitable business can fail if a business doesn’t have a healthy cash flow.

Without a healthy cash flow, profit is meaningless.

Many successful companies (like Amazon, Twitter, Uber and Yelp) actually existed a long time without profits, but no company can survive without a healthy cash flow. For small to mid-cap companies, profit is still important, but cash flow is vital.

If you don’t have cash on hand, you can’t pay for your company’s basic needs like rent, employee salaries, electricity or equipment. If you don’t have enough cash on hand to replenish inventory or pay operating expenses, you will become unable to generate new sales. If you can’t afford operating expenses, your company will eventually fail. That’s why cash flow is such an accurate predictor of an investment or company’s success.

Cash Flow From Operating Activities

The operating activities reflects how much cash is generated from a company’s products or services. Positive (and increasing) cash flow from operating activities indicates that the core business activities of the company are thriving.

Cash Flow From Investing Activities

Investing activities include any purchase or sale of an asset, loans made to vendors or received from customers or any payments related to a merger or acquisition is included in this category. In short, changes in equipment, assets, or investments relate to cash from investing.

Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Cash flow from financing activities shows the net flows of cash that are used to fund the company. Financing activities include transactions involving debt, equity, and dividends. Some examples are: issuance of equity (shares), payment of dividends, issuance of debt (e.g. bonds) and repayment of debt.

Free Cash Flow

One of the most important financial number is free cash flow (FCF). It is the cash flow available to all the creditors and investors in a company, including common stockholders, preferred shareholders, and lenders.

You can calculate FCF, if not provided, quickly. FCF = Operating cash flow – capital expenditures (aka. CAPEX). Simply, capital expenditures on the CFS is the line item “Purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment” (PPE). the PPE expenditure is the “maintenance amount” of running a business. Though it says “purchase”, this includes repairing, renewal and/or maintenance of the companies assets.

No company can survive without a healthy cash flow.

Generally, you want to see a steady increase in cash flow from operations. If this number is growing (while debt being in control) at a rate of 10% or more annually.

However, past performance cannot guarantee future results. In other words: don’t assume that an investment is going to continue to perform well in the future simply because it’s done well during a specific time period in the past. 

Two of the key ingredients for success in investing is understanding that cash flow is king and your a business owner when you purchase a company’s stock.

References:

  1. https://ignorethestreet.com/cash-flow-statement-fundamentals/
  2. http://www.momentumcapitalfunding.com/cash-flow-fundamentals-business-owners/
  3. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/cash-flow/
  4. https://www.powerofpositivity.com/make-you-rich-quotes/

Financial Freedom

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“It’s the ability to live and maintain the lifestyle which you desire without having to work or rely on anyone for money.” T Harv Eker

Financial Peace guru Dave Ramsey proclaims that “Financial freedom means that you get to make life decisions without being overly stressed about the financial impact because you are prepared. You control your finances instead of being controlled by them.”

It’s about having complete control over your finances which is the fruit of hard work, sacrifice and time. And, as a result, all of that effort and planning was well worth it!

Nevertheless, reaching financial freedom may be challenging but not impossible. It also may seem complicated, but in just a straightforward calculation, you can easily estimate of how much money you’ll need to be financially free.

What is financial freedom? Financial freedom is the ability to live the remainder of your life without outside help, working if you choose, but doing so only if you desire. It’s the ability to have the things you want and need, despite any occurrence other than the most catastrophic of outside circumstance.

To calculate your Financial Freedom Number, the total amount of money required to give you a sufficient income to cover your living expenses for the rest of your life

Step 1: Calculate Your Spending

Know how much you are spending each year. If you’ve done a financial analysis (net worth and cash flow), created a budget, and monitored your cash flow, then you’re ahead.

Take your monthly budget and multiply that amount by 12. Make sure you include periodic expenses such as annual premiums and dues or quarterly bills. Also include continued monthly contributions into accounts like your emergency fund, vacation clubs, car maintenance, etc.

Add all these together to get your Yearly Spending Total.

Keep in mind the lower the spending total, the lower the amount of money you’ll need to become financially independent. Learn how to lower your monthly household expenses and determine the difference between needs and wants.

Step 2: Choose Your Safe Withdrawal Rate

The safe withdrawal rate (also referred to as SWR) is a conservative method that retirees use to determine how much money can be withdrawn from accounts each year without running out of money for the rest of their lives.

The safe withdrawal rate method instructs financially independent people to take out a small percentage between 3-4% of their investment portfolios to mitigate worst-case scenarios. This withdrawal percentage is from the Trinity Study.

The Trinity Study found the 4% rule applies through all market ups and downs. By making sure you do not withdraw more than 4% of your initial investments each year, your assets should last for the rest of your life.

Step 3: Calculate Your Financial Independence (FI) Number

Your FI number is your Yearly Spending Total divided by your Safe Withdrawal Rate.

To find the amount of money you’ll need to be financially independent, take your Yearly Spending Total and divide it by your SWR.

For example:

  • Yearly Spending: $40,000
  • Safe Withdrawal Rate: 4%

Financial Independence Number = Yearly Spending / SWR

  • $40,000 / 0.04 = $1,000,000

Who becomes financially free? According to most financial advisors, compulsive savers and discipline investors tend to become financially free since:

  • They live on and spend less they earn.
  • They organize their time, energy and money efficiently in ways conducive to building wealth.
  • They have a strong belief that gaining financial freedom and independence is far more important than displaying high social status and financial symbols.
  • Their parents did not keep on helping them financially.
  • They have a keen insight to recognize financial and wealth building opportunities.

Net worth is the most important number in personal finance and represents your financial scorecard. Your net worth includes your investments, but it also includes other assets that might not generate income for you. Net Worth can be defined to mean:

  • Income (earned or passive)
  • Savings
  • Investing to grow and to put your money to work for you)
  • Simple and more frugal lifestyle

Financial freedom means different things to different people, and different people need vastly different amounts of wealth to feel financially free.

Maybe financial freedom means being debt-free, or having more time to spend with your family, or being able to quit corporate America, or having $5,000 a month in passive income, or making enough money to work from your laptop anywhere in the world, or having enough money so you never have to work another day in your life.

Ultimately, the amount you need comes down to the life you want to live, where you want to live it, what you value, and what brings you joy. Joy is defined as a feeling of great pleasure and happiness caused by something exceptionally good, satisfying, or delightful—aka “The Good Life.”

It is worth clearly articulating what the different levels of financial freedom mean. Grant Sabatier’s book, Financial Freedom: A Proven Path to All the Money You’ll Ever Need, the levels of financial freedom are:

Seven Levels of Financial Freedom

  1. Clarity, when you figure out where you are financially (net worth and cash flow) and where you want to go
  2. Self-sufficiency, when you earn enough money to cover your expenses
  3. Breathing room, when you escape living paycheck to paycheck
  4. Stability, when you have six months of living expenses saved and bad debt, like credit card debt, repaid
  5. Flexibility, when you have at least two years of living expenses invested
  6. Financial independence, when you can live off the income generated by your investments and work becomes optional
  7. Abundant wealth, when you have more money than you’ll ever need

The difference between income and wealth: Wealth is accumulated assets, cash, stocks, bonds, real estate investments, and they have passive income. Simply, they don’t have to work if they don’t want to.

Accumulating wealth and becoming wealthy requires knowing what you want, discipline, taking responsibility and have a plan.

Hundreds of thousands of Americans have great incomes, but you wouldn’t call them wealthy because of debt and lack of accumulated assets, instead:

  • They owe for their homes
  • They owe for their cars and boats.
  • They have little savings and investments
  • They have few “paid for” assets
  • They have negative net worth

Essentially, if you make a great income and spend it all, you will not become wealthy. Often, high income earners’ true net worth is far less than they think it is.

Here are several factors and steps to improve your financial life:

  • Establishing financial goals
  • Paying yourself first and automate the process
  • Creating and sticking to a budget. Know where you money goes.
  • Paying down and/or eliminating credit card and other bad debt. Debt which is taking from your future to pay for your past.
  • Saving for the future and investing for the long term consistently
  • Investing the maximum in your employer’s 401(k)
  • Living on and spending less than you earn
  • Simplify – separating your needs from your wants. You don’t need to keep buying stuff.

Financial freedom can look something like this:

  • Freedom to choose a career you love without worrying about money
  • Freedom to take a luxury vacation every year without it straining your budget
  • Freedom to pay cash for a new boat
  • Freedom to respond to the needs of others with outrageous generosity
  • Freedom to retire a whole decade early

When you have financial freedom, you have options.

“Your worth consists in what you are and not in what you have. What you are will show in what you do.” Thomas Edison

References:

  1. https://www.phroogal.com/calculate-financial-independence-number/
  2. https://www.ramseysolutions.com/retirement/what-is-financial-freedom
  3. https://thefinanciallyindependentmillennial.com/steps-to-financial-freedom/