“Cultivate the habit of being grateful for every good thing that comes to you, and to give thanks continuously.” Ralph Waldo Emerson
Mindfulness means maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of your thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment, through a neutral, nonjudgmental filter.
Mindfulness also involves acceptance, meaning that you pay attention to your current thoughts and feelings without judging them—without believing, for instance, that there’s a “right” or “wrong” way to think or feel in a given moment.
When you practice mindfulness, your thoughts tune into what you’re sensing in the present moment rather than rehashing your past or imagining your future.
To be mindful is to be fully conscious or aware of your surroundings. It’s important to not think or worry about the future. Instead, the goal is to physically, emotionally, mentally, and cognitively stay within the present moment.
“Mindfulness…is the presence of heart.” Chinese Translation
To discover mindfulness is to discover what happens when you deliberately take time to detect the reality and your perception of the present moment no matter what it’s like—and gradually cultivate ‘an open heart’ to what we notice and sense, asserts teacher Adam Moskowitz.
Mindfulness Chinese symbol
A Chinese translation for mindfulness is presence of heart. At its core mindfulness is a heart-centered practice. It is a realization of your fundamental wholeness, according to Moskowitz. It is a discovery of your innate care for yourself and one another. It is recognition of the truth of your interdependence—how we rely on one another and how the world relies on us.
Studies have shown that practicing mindfulness, even for just a few weeks, can bring a variety of physical, psychological, and social benefits. Essentially, mindfulness is good for your health, wealth and emotional well-being.
Mindfulness can be cultivated and practiced daily, Jon Kabat-Zinn emphasizes in his Greater Good video. “It’s about living your life as if it really mattered, moment by moment by moment by moment.”
It is essential for our wellbeing to take a few minutes each day to cultivate mindfulness and achieve a positive mind-body balance. Here are a few key components of practicing mindfulness that Kabat-Zinn and others identify:
Pay close attention to your breathing, especially when you’re feeling intense emotions.
Notice—really notice—what you’re sensing in a given moment, the sights, sounds, and smells that ordinarily slip by without reaching your conscious awareness.
Recognize that your thoughts and emotions are fleeting and do not define you, an insight that can free you from negative thought patterns.
Tune into your body’s physical sensations, from the water hitting your skin in the shower to the way your body rests in your office chair.
The cultivation of moment-by-moment awareness of our surrounding environment is a practice that helps us better cope with the difficult thoughts and feelings that cause us stress and anxiety in everyday life.
With regular practice of mindfulness exercises, you can harness the ability to root the mind in the present moment and deal with life’s challenges in a clear-minded, calm, assertive way. It’s about the challenges and the rewards of being less self-centered and more self aware.
Retirement presents some unique emotional challenges.
There are significant emotional challenges of retirement. Knowing how to deal with retirement emotionally can be just as important as, or more important than, financial preparation.
Most people spend the majority of their lives working to cultivate a career and raise a family. It’s human nature to take solace in the daily routine that you developed, but when you reach retirement you may find that it takes some time to get used to your new life after leaving the workforce and/ or becoming an empty nester.
If you’re having a hard time adjusting to retirement, you’re not alone. A survey of 1,000 people ages 60 to 73 shows that about two-thirds of Baby Boomer participants said they had difficulties in transitioning from their primary profession to retirement. The survey also identified the top reasons that participants had trouble adapting to life in retirement:
37% said that they missed the daily social interactions they would have with work colleagues.
32% had trouble adjusting to a new daily routine.
22% found it difficult to find ways to create meaning and purpose in their life after work.
The good news is that eventually more than half of the participants found that they adjusted to these changes rather quickly, and 97% reported being “somewhat” or “rather” satisfied in their retirement.
The key to adjusting to these life changes and living a fulfilling life after work is emotionally preparing for the transition years and decades prior to reaching retirement age.
Deal with Retirement Emotionally
Though retirement is often seen as a time to slow down, this doesn’t mean that you can’t continue to remain active or find meaning outside of your professional life. And, there are ways to cope with the emotional challenges of retirement:
Find activities you enjoy outside of work. – Retirement is the time for you to do the things that you enjoy most. Volunteer your time at your favorite local organization or take up a new hobby. Staying active is a great way to find meaning in life after work.
Begin to expand your relationship base. – Chances are, many of your friendships were formed in the workplace. Though it’s great to keep in touch with former colleagues, try to develop new friendships. Friends are the key to staying connected and maintaining your well-being.
Include your family in your pre-retirement plans. – Once you’re retired, you will have more time to spend with your spouse. Actively include him or her in your pre-retirement plans. Have a conversation about what you would like life after retirement to look like and discuss how you can help support one another.
Have a solid financial plan. – Not having enough resources to support yourself after retirement can add stress to your life. One way to make sure that you are emotionally prepared for the transition is to make sure that you have a financial plan in place that provides a quality of life for yourself in retirement.
Change in life status is exciting and can be positive if you’re prepared.
Mindset, attitudes, behaviors and habits.
Retirement can mean looking forward to a simpler, less stressful life, free of commuting, demanding boss, meetings and deadlines.
Good health care, combined with recreational and fitness opportunities, are critical attributes of retirement of a healthy retirement. Good health, combined with a moderate cost of living, are critical since 96% of retirees—and 99% of those age 75 and over—say that health is more important than wealth to live well in retirement, according to the survey.
Yet health and wealth are very intertwined. People with financial resources can invest more in their health, and those in poor health have a harder time enjoying what their money can buy.
Tackling tough financial issues, such as overspending, debt and “having more month left than money available”, are a great way to drive change. Better yet, it’s always a good idea to learn more about financial management matters, getting out of debt and becoming a discipline saver for the future and invest for the long term.
To retire with financial security and sense of confidence, most financial experts recommend a certain liquid asset level, a mostly paid-off mortgage, and multiple streams of income. Furthermore, they observe that:
Retirees are feeling increasingly confident about their ability to maintain a comfortable lifestyle without running out of money. And, that is the primary goal for retirement.
Retirees want a physically active, healthy and vibrant lifestyle.
Retirees want to be emotionally engaged and socially fulfilling lifestyle.
Find happiness in retirement
Finding happiness and contentment in retirement requires retiring with core pursuits and sense of purpose. What’s paramount to an happy retirement and life is having multiple activities/ projects / endeavors that you’re passionate about participating.
These are activities (projects or endeavors) that excite and fulfill; hobbies on steroids and things you look forward to. Examples are learning an instrument, learning a language, and enjoying golf, biking, yoga, walking, hiking. Wes Moss, a managing partner at Capital Investment Advisors in Atlanta and author of three personal-finance books and host of the Money Matters weekly radio call-in show, commissioned Georgia Tech University in Atlanta do a statistical analysis retirees’ activities and found that “happy retirees have 3.6 core pursuits. Unhappy retirees have 1.9 core pursuits”.
When you have a long life expectancy, you can spend the first sixty years working for you and your family, then the next forty years working for the greater good and contributing to make the world a better place. Working for the greater food gives you a sense of greater purpose. One in five Americans downright hate their jobs. Compare this to the results that show that three in five could “take it or leave it”.
The Happiness Retirees on the Block (HROB) create their happiness by engaging in a long series of core pursuits — activities, projects and endeavors — that make a difference in their lives. Your core pursuits can lead you to a more fulfilling future while adding life to your years. Core pursuits can lead to a more fulfilling future while adding happy life to your years.
Get going, Get growing, Continue learning
Sparse diet, taking the stairs and take on activities that feed their soul and focus on you and the greater good. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but a lack of curiosity is what kills the happy retiree.
Are 41 percent of retirees economically insecure? It's a figure that many news outlets have repeated. In @Forbes, @biggsag sheds light on the supposed "retirement crisis" and offers better approaches to evaluating retiree well-being: https://t.co/ZLw0x0q8hb
“I have to confess that I find it all exhilarating. I’m only concerned somewhat for the relatively new investors who get drawn into these things and then find out the hard way. I sympathize completely with these people out there enjoying this bubble, but they’ve always ended very badly, and I have no doubt this one will too.”Jeremy Grantham
The price of Bitcoin dropped below $40,000 for the first time in months and the cryptocurrency fell more than 40 percent off recent all time highs.
There are reasons for the recent crash in the price of Bitcoin, according to Barron’s Magazine. Recently, China banned the use of cryptocurrencies for financial institutions asserting that “virtual currencies shouldn’t be used in the market as they are not supported by real value”. Instead, China intends to create its own indigenous cryptocurrency that will allow the regime to monitor and track its citizens
Furthermore, other countries might be considering tighter regulation, particularly as cryptos become the currency of choice for ransomware hackers and money laundering. Additionally, Tesla stopped accepting Bitcoin as payment for vehicles and Elon Musk expressed climate-related concerns over Bitcoin’s mining process.
But sometimes things go down because they are going down, according to Barron’s. Investors who bought early are looking to lock in gains, while recent arrivals to the crypto game are panicking. Selling begets selling.
Image Source: Getty Images
Bubble Burst
“We’re a crazy marketplace full of irrational human beings who behave themselves 80% of the time and then 20% of the time totally freak out one way or the other.” Jeremy Grantham
Retail investors piling into Bitcoin have fueled a historic price bubble that has finally burst. When stock bubbles pop, the selling usually stops when shares drop well below intrinsic value and become attractive to a new class of value investors who didn’t partake in the market froth.
Cryptocurrencies are different. They have no intrinsic value, which means there’s no telling when the selling might stop.
Essentially, Bitcoin is a digital currency that is not tied to a bank or government and allows users to spend money anonymously. The coins are created by users who “mine” them by lending computing power to verify other users’ transactions. They receive Bitcoins in exchange. Overall, the mainstream acceptance of Bitcoin is still limited.
Bitcoins are basically lines of computer code that are digitally signed each time they travel from one owner to the next. Transactions can be made anonymously, making the currency popular with tech enthusiasts, speculators — and cybercriminals.
“The concerns among investors and traders is that perhaps we are about to see another crypto winter and it may take a long time for Bitcoin price to see any recovery as the bull cycle may be over,” said Naeem Aslam, chief market analyst at AvaTrade.
“The actual answer is that no one really knows about that and the only thing that we do know is that institutions are still buying Bitcoin on every dip,” said Aslam.
Maintain a long-term outlook
Stock market and assets, like cryptocurrencies, bubble bursts can be intimidating, but they’re no cause for panic. Historically, the market has always recovered from every one of its downturns — and it’s extremely likely it will bounce back again.
If you maintain a long-term outlook, it’s easier to avoid panic-selling when asset prices begin to free-fall. Remind yourself that the market will recover eventually, and you’ll be able to ride out the storm.
The key to investing for the long term is to ensure you’re investing in quality assets. And, investing during market downturns can actually be a cost-effective move.
Because asset prices are lower during market downturns, it can be a good opportunity to buy good assets, like stocks (and cryptocurrencies, if you’re so inclined), at bargain prices.
“The past year has of course caused Americans to focus on their health, in particular their mental health, along with the health of their relationships. But the pandemic and the significant impact it had on the economy and stock market also taught us a valuable, and in many cases difficult, lesson about the importance of financial health and preparedness, including the importance of having a plan and emergency savings.” Rob Williams, vice president of financial planning, Charles Schwab
A majority of Americans (60 percent) are feeling more optimistic about the state of the United States overall, including the economy, the stock market and their personal financial prospects, according to Schwab’s 2021 Modern Wealth Survey. And, more than half feel positive about the U.S. job market, economy and role as a global economic power.
Schwab’s 2021 Modern Wealth Survey is an annual examination of how 1,000 Americans think about saving, spending, investing and wealth. The online survey was conducted from February 1 to February 16, 2021, among a national sample of 1,000 Americans aged 21 to 75.
Recalibrating Priorities and Redefining Wealth
“More than half of Americans were financially impacted by COVID-19 in 2020”
According to Schwab’s survey, more than half of survey participants were financially impacted over the past year, whether the economic environment strained their finances (31 percent), they faced a salary cut or reduced hours (26 percent), or they were laid off or furloughed (20 percent).
In lieu of this recent reality, more than two-thirds (68 percent) of Americans have reprioritized what matters most to them, with 69 percent saying mental health is more important than it was before, followed closely by relationships (57 percent), financial health (54 percent) and physical health (39 percent).
Being financially comfortable
“Americans lowered the bar for what it takes to achieve “financial happiness” and to be “financially comfortable” in 2021”
When it comes to achieving financial peace of mind, Americans say you only need a net worth of $624,000 to be considered “financially comfortable.” That’s down significantly from the $934,000 net worth that Americans cited as the minimum needed for financial comfort last year, according to the Survey.
Additionally, the survey finds that Americans have also revised their perspective on what it takes to be wealthy. It takes $1.9M to be viewed as wealthy, more than double the national average, but down from 2020.
U.S. households had an average net worth of $748,800 prior to the pandemic, according to The Federal Reserve’s 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances. However, the median, or midpoint, net worth of all families was much lower, just $121,700 in 2019.
Some lessons learned or relearned from the pandemic include the importance of being financially prepared and being mindful (and more aware) of your financial, physical, mental and emotional health.
“Finding success as a long-term investor requires navigating a psychological minefield.”. Ben Carson, Director of Institutional Asset Management at Ritholtz Wealth Management.
Everyone would agree that the stock market has been highly volatile since the turn of the 21st century, experiencing crashes of 50%, 57% and 34% since 2000. It’s possible this level of heightened volatility is going to remain for the foreseeable future with an assist from the internet, rising sovereign debt and inflation.
Investing for the long-term implies that you set aside money today so you can have more money in the future. But getting to whatever the “long-term” means to you requires seeing the present value of your holdings fall, sometimes in soul-crushing fashion.
In the coming 40-50 years, you should expect to experience at least 10 or more bear markets, including 5 or 6 that constitute a market crash in stocks. There will also probably be at least 7-8 recessions in that time as well, maybe more.
However, you can never be sure of anything when it comes to the equity markets or the U.S. economy, but let’s use history as a rough guide on this. Over the 50 years from 1970-2019, there were 7 recessions, 10 bear markets and 4 legitimate market crashes with losses in excess of 30% for the U.S. stock market. Over the previous 50 years from 1920-1969, there were 11 recessions, 15 bear markets, and 8 legitimate market crashes with losses in excess of 30% for the U.S. stock market.
Bear markets, brutal market crashes and recessions are a fact of life as an investor. They are a common and expected feature of the financial system.
If you’re investing in the stock market that means you should plan on losing at least 10% of your money once every 1-2 years, on average. You should also plan on losing 20% of your capital once every 3 or 4 years, 30% once every 6 or 7 years and 40% or worse every 10-12 years.
These time frames aren’t set in stone since actual stock market returns are anything but average but you get the point. If your money is invested in the stock market for the long-term, expect it to grow over time but also evaporate without warning on occasion.
“Greater fool theory states that investors can achieve positive returns by buying an asset without concern for valuation fundamentals and other important factors because someone else will buy it at a higher price.”
Simply stated, investors expect to make a profit on the stocks they purchase because another investor (the “greater fool”) will be willing to pay even more for the stock, regardless if the stock’s price is overvalued based on fundamentals analysis or long-term performance outlooks.
According to The Motley Fool, this philosophy relies on the expectation that someone else will get caught up in market momentum (frenzy) or have their own reasons for why the asset is worth more than the price you paid.
In the short term, popular sentiment plays the biggest role in shaping stock market pricing action, but fundamental factors including revenue, earnings, cash flow, and debt determine how a company’s stock performs over longer periods.
In short, it is possible to achieve strong returns by using the greater fool theory, but it’s risky and far from the best path to achieving strong long-term performance.
Specifically with regard to the stock market, the Greater Fool Theory becomes relevant when the price of a stock goes up so much that it is being driven by the expectation that buyers for the stock can always be found, not by the intrinsic value (cash flows) of the company.
The Greater Fool Theory is a very risky, speculative strategy that is not recommended especially for long-term investors.
“Invest early and often. Make time for friends, and start setting aside money for your goals as soon as you can in good markets and in bad.” Vanguard Investment
Investing is accessible to everyone regardless the size of your monthly paycheck or bank account. There are plenty of small investment ideas for as little as $20 or as much as $10,000. Everyone needs to start somewhere. In fact, if you’re just beginning your investing journey, it’s smart investing practice to start small.
When it comes to investing, “small” means something different to everyone. And, there are a few small investment ideas based on your budget. Over time, even small investments can reap big returns.
Yet, according to Goldman Sachs, stock ownership is extremely concentrated among the top 1% of Americans. As a result, the market’s performance affects households making up the wealthiest 1% of Americans much more significantly than the other 99%.
“The wealthiest 0.1% and 1% of households now own about 17% and 50% of total household equities (stocks, bonds and mutual funds) respectively, up significantly from 13% and 39% in the late 80s,” Daan Struyven, Goldman Sachs’s chief economist said.
In contrast, the bottom 50% of Americans owns 0.5% of household equities (stocks, bonds and mutual funds).
Start investing
The perfect time to start investing is now. It’s easy to imagine yourself investing money when you’re older, wiser and richer. However, you don’t need to have a large sum of money to make investing worthwhile.
It’s never too late to start, but the sooner you begin, the better. Your investment will have more time to reap the rewards of long-term compounding. Compounding happens when your investment earns money, and those earnings are reinvested for continued growth.
A program of regular investment cannot assure building wealth or protect against a loss in declining markets. A continuous or periodic investment plan involves investment in shares over the long-term regardless of fluctuating price levels and market volatility. You should consider your financial ability to continue purchasing shares during periods of low price levels and high market volatility.
Stocks and bonds are the building blocks of a long-term investment strategy.
With the right strategy, starting small can be an advantage. And, whether you’re investing with small money or big money, you will follow the same basic investing strategy. The best way to invest $20 is in fact, the best way to invest $10,000. Investing is always investing.
The value of the investment, versus the price you pay for an asset, is always the top priority. You first want to consider the value of the asst you want to invest, or “how much the thing you want to invest in is actually worth”. Then, what is the price? If the price is less than the value, then you’re off to a good start.
There are lots of different types of investments you can make, but not all investments are great for small amounts of money. For example, you can’t invest in real estate with $500, and even though you can invest $500 in Exchange Traded Funds and bonds, it doesn’t mean you should.
If you put $500 in ETFs or mutual funds each year for the next 30 years and get the long-term historical return of 7%, you’ll have in 30 years approximately $45,000 (less fees for mutual funds).
Investing in bonds with a historical return of 5% over the next 30 years, your investment will grow to around $35,000. Bonds may be the safest way to invest, but how safe is a retirement of $35,000?
What asset will make you the most wealth, the answer is almost always investing in stocks over the long-term. Historically, the stock market has returned 7% over the long term.
The number one thing beginning investors typically say that holds them back from making even the smallest investment: fear of the stock market.
Overcome Your Fears of Investing in the Stock Market
The stock market can be scary and risky to both beginning and seasoned investors if you don’t know what you’re doing. But one of the key principles of investing is to invest only in businesses you know and understand. You can overcome the fear and risk of the stock market if you understand the company and industry you are investing.
It important to understand that when you purchase stocks, you are buying partial ownership of a company. Thus, putting money into things you don’t understand is not investing. It’s speculation and speculating on stocks is equitable to gambling. Regretfully, that’s how most small retail investors retirement and brokerage accounts are managed.
That’s why you should consider learning how to invest. Which is when you buy wonderful businesses you understand at undervalued prices that guarantee great returns. If you do this, you will be able to overcome your fear of investing and set yourself up for success.
“Risk comes from not knowing what you are doing.” – Warren Buffett
Can’t stress enough how important it is to just start.
It is better to start with small investments and add to them over time than to wait and lose out on great returns as well as the power of compounding interest. Every day you don’t invest you are losing out on compound interest. With compound interest, when your money grows, its growth is also invested.
There’s a tool called The Rule of 72 that does a good job of explaining the power of compounding interest and will show you just how fast your money can double. This is how even small investments can pay big dividends.
Buy wonderful companies at attractive prices.
If you really want to learn how to invest, it takes a good amount of due diligence and patience but the long-term payoff is worth it. By following smart investment practices that have made people like Warren Buffett extremely wealthy, you will not make money fast but you will make more money over the long term.
Warren Buffett started with a small amount of money and he turned it into more than $80 billion. This goes to show that it isn’t about the money you have, it’s about the knowledge you have, the patience and the long term perspective.
That’s good news if all you have to invest is a small amount. It means there are no real barriers to building wealth if you’re willing to work hard and learn. When you know how to invest like the wealthy, you won’t ever have to risk losing all of your money to do it. This isn’t Las Vegas or is it gambling.
Make A Promise to Yourself
You have a small amount of money to invest, but are you really ready to put your money where your mouth is? If so, make a promise to yourself that you are going to do your due diligence to find the right companies, buy them at attractive prices, and double your $1000 over the next 5 years.
Once you have made that commitment, the key fact to understand is that you make money by buying wonderful companies and buying them on sale.
A wonderful company, according to Charlie Munger, partner of Warren Buffett, have four things you’ve got to focus on when you invest your $1000, or any amount of money, in a company:
Number one, be sure you’re capable of understanding the business that you’re getting into.
Number two, be sure that this business has this thing that we call a moat: something deeply embedded in it that protects it from the competition.
Number three, make sure that the management team is made up of people who share your values, have integrity, and are talented.
And finally, make sure you buy it on sale. “Sale” means at a purchase price with a margin of safety.
If you know the Meaning behind the company, it has a Moat to protect it from competition, the Management is trustworthy, and you can buy it with a Margin of safety that will give you 15% returns year over year, it is a great investment.
When it comes to making great investments, it’s really not about the amount you’re starting with, it’s about the strategy you’re using. The right strategy is going to continue to grow that initial investment over time. Even if you’re starting with a small amount of money, if you’re making an average of 15% returns year over year, you’re doing good.
Consider Risk
Typically, more risk = more reward, but that doesn’t mean you should throw away everything you learned above. You can minimize your risk and maximize your reward by investing in wonderful businesses on sale. Yes, even if you’re only investing with $500. This initial investment, while small, will help you get more comfortable with “the risk” of investing.
Starting small investment is totally fine – baby steps are better than no progress at all. The fact that you’re even thinking about investing when you only have $20 means you’re in the right mindset. One of the best things that you can do to begin investing when you have very little money is to form good habits. Practice these good habits with $20 and you’ll have a good financial future ahead of you.
No investment is too small. Small investments such as $20 still grow, especially when you invest $20 on a regular schedule. That’s really all it takes. Not only will your $20 investment grow, but it will also help you conquer your fear and keep your promise to yourself. You can start investing even with a small amount of money. Everyone needs to start somewhere.
Don’t Wait
You can start forming good habits by taking money out to invest as soon as you receive your paycheck.
Most often, people end up taking the exact opposite approach, waiting to see how much money they have left over before they invest. However, if you wait to see how much money you have left over before investing it, the number will almost always be a big ‘ol zero.
Instead, invest your $20 straight out of your paycheck and watch it work for you. Setting aside money to invest right away, even as little as $20, can become a natural, nearly subconscious act when you do it regularly.
Source: Phil Town Rule #1 Investing
Avoid Money Traps
It’s simply too easy to spend money rather than investing it if you make spending it an option. Spending your hard earned money on things like luxury vehicles, big houses, expensive vacations and weekend nights out can mean you have less to invest. Avoid these money traps and focus on your long term financial goals and the promise you made to yourself. Take your $20 and invest it in a great company rather than its fancy product.
Don’t Just Put Assets in a Saving Account
Saving isn’t inherently bad, but if you want to get a great return on your money and create generational wealth, it won’t happen by saving it. Most Saving accounts only offer 2% interest, which means you can hardly beat inflation, which means your money won’t really grow at all.
Think of your investment account as your saving account and you’ll be well on your way to “saving” $10,000 this year.
No investment is too small. Small investments such as $20 still grow, especially when you invest $20 on a regular schedule. That’s really all it takes. Not only will your $20 investment grow, but it will also help you conquer your fear and keep your promise to yourself.
How to Invest
By now, you should know you can start investing even with a small amount of money. Everyone needs to start somewhere. Investing is something anyone can succeed at with the right approach, no matter how much or how little money they are starting with.
When you don’t have any money, you have to step out on a limb. Take some chances, put what money you do have to use, and start climbing your way up. Again, everyone has to start from somewhere, and there’s no such thing as having too little to invest.
Benefits of Investing
There are advantages to investing with small amounts of money as well. With the right approach and by taking the right risks (safe ones) you can make the most out of small investments.
Starting Sooner
Investing when you have little money means that you’re starting to invest sooner rather than later. When you start now, even small amounts of money put into the market can grow into legitimate sums of money as the years go by.
Continue to Learn
Investing isn’t about just jumping in with $1,000 and it’s not about waiting until you have more to jump in with. It’s about finding wonderful businesses you want to own and finding the right time to buy them. With these small investment ideas, you can start right now whether you have $1000, $500, or $20 to invest.
Follow the lead of the best investors and take the next step in your investing journey by continuing to learn more.
Investing…get going, get growing and continue to learn.
Investing money involves some risk, but be aware that not investing also poses a risk, because you’re missing out on the opportunity to build wealth for the future. To help manage investment risks, it’s important to choose a portfolio that’s designed for you.
“It’s not how much money you make, but how much money you keep, how hard it works for you, and how many generations you keep it for.” Robert Kiyosaki, Rich Dad Poor Dad
Investing, which involves putting your money to work, is a great first step toward building wealth for yourself and your family. If you think investing is gambling, you’re doing it wrong. The world of investing requires discipline, planning and patience. And, the gains you see over decades can be exciting. The three most common categories of investments, referred to as asset classes, include:
Stocks – which are a share in a company. These tend to be riskier investments, but also typically offer more potential for profit over time.
Bonds – which are a share of debt issued by a business or the government. These are safer investments, typically returning a lower profit than stocks over time.
Cash and cash equivalents – which are readily available cash and short-term investments like certificates of deposit (CDs). These are the safest investments, but typically return little profit over time.
Before you start investing, it is important for you to understand a few basic concepts and definitions, such as:
Risk Tolerance
Risk tolerance is basically your emotional ability to deal with losing money. If you invested $1,000 today, could you deal with it being worth $500 for a period of time? That’s possible if you invest heavily in stocks, which tend to increase in value over time but can be volatile from one day to the next. If you answered yes to being okay losing a great deal of money for a period of time, then you have a high risk tolerance.
Time Horizon
Time horizon is the amount of time before you want to use your money. If you’re planning to use the money to make a down payment on a home within the next three years, you have a short time horizon and would likely have less risk tolerance. If you’re not planning to use the money until you retire in 30 years, then you have a long time horizon and can afford to take on more risk.
Asset Allocation
Asset allocation is the percentage of stocks, bonds or cash you own. If you have a high risk tolerance and long time horizon, you’re likely to want a larger percentage of stocks because you’ll be able to weather ups and downs and make more money over the long term. On the other hand, if you have a low risk tolerance and short time horizon, you probably want more cash and bonds so that you don’t lose money right before you need it.
Stocks, bonds and cash tend to respond differently to market conditions (one may go up when the others go down). Asset allocation helps you spread your money so that when one asset class unexpectedly zigs, your whole portfolio doesn’t zig along with it. In this way, asset allocation can help ensure your portfolio is correctly positioned to help you reach your financial goals, no matter what is happening in the market.
Diversification
Diversification splits your investments among different groupings or sectors in order to reduce risk. That includes your asset allocation. But it also includes where you invest within asset classes. For instance, you might diversify between stocks in companies located within the United States and stocks in companies located in Asia.
Different sectors of the economy do better at different times. It’s tough to predict which one will do well in any given year. So when you diversify and own stocks across different sectors, you are positioned to make money on whatever sector is performing well at the time. A well-diversified portfolio can help lessen the impact of market ups and downs on your portfolio.
Rebalancing
If you’ve done a good job with asset allocation and diversifying, then the balance of your portfolio is likely going to get out of whack over time as one sector does better than another. For instance, let’s say you wanted 10 percent of your stocks to be companies in Asia. If companies in Asia have a great year, those companies may now make up 15 percent of your stocks. In that case you’ll want to sell some of those stocks and use that money to buy more stocks (or even bonds) in parts of your portfolio that didn’t do as well.
Rebalancing on a regular basis (once or twice a year, for example) can help ensure your portfolio remains aligned with your goals. And because it provides a disciplined approach to investing, portfolio rebalancing also may prevent you from buying or selling investments based on emotion.
Dollar Cost Averaging
Dollar cost averaging (DCA) involves putting your investment plan on autopilot. With DCA, you invest a set amount at set intervals (for example, $200 every month) in the market. By investing systematically, you’ll buy more shares of an investment when the market is lower, fewer when the market is higher, and some when the market is in between. Over time, this may help you to pay a lower average price for the total shares you purchase.
DCA takes the emotion out of investing, helping you to start on your investment plan sooner, rather than later. And once you begin, DCA can also help you remain focused on your goals, no matter what’s happening in the market. It helps make investing a habit.
Capital Gains
Capital gains is an increase in the value of an asset or investment over time. Capital gains is measured by the difference between the current value, or market value, of an asset or investment and its purchase price, or the value of the asset or investment at the time it was acquired {cost basis}.
Realized capital gains and losses occur when an asset is sold, which triggers a taxable event. Unrealized gains and losses, sometimes referred to as paper gains and losses, reflect an increase or decrease in an investment’s value but are not considered a capital gain that should be treated as a taxable event.
Fiscal Fact: The average white household had $402,000 in unrealized capital gains in 2019, compared with $94,000 for Black households and $130,000 for Hispanic or Latino households. These disparities have generally widened over time. Source: Tax Policy Center https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/fiscal-fact/unrealized-capital-gains-ff-05102021
Capital gains are classified as either short-term or long-term. Short-term capital gains, defined as gains realized in securities held for one year or less, are taxed as ordinary income based on the individual’s tax filing status and adjusted gross income. Long-term capital gains, defined as gains realized in securities held for more than one year, are usually taxed at a lower rate than regular income.
“If you want to become really wealthy, you must have your money work for you. The amount you get paid for your personal effort is relatively small compared with the amount you can earn by having your money make money.” John D. Rockefeller
Before you start investing or putting your money to work for your, do your homework and research. Once you’ve made a decision, make sure to re-evaluate the assets in your portfolio on a regular basis. A good asset today may not necessarily be a good asset in the future.
And, don’t panic during the inevitable setbacks and don’t be fearful during the inevitable stock market corrections that all long-term investors face. If the reasoning behind the investment decision was sound when purchased, stick with the assets, and they should eventually recover and grow.
Cash flow simply means the amount of cash you have coming in and going out each month.
Think about cash flow as mapping your income versus your expenses. If you anticipate risk factors that can often come with retirement (health care expense, a downturn in the market, or a family emergency) then consider increasing your position in cash (or cash equivalents like Treasury bills, CDs, and money market accounts).
How will you help maintain a steady flow of income in retirement?
You’ve spent years saving money in anticipation of retirement, and while accumulating retirement savings is indeed important, it’s only half the story. Once you stop working, your focus shifts away from saving money and toward using that money to live the retirement you want.
Generating your retirement income
Retirement is an exciting stage of life that many Americans eagerly anticipate, yet retirement as we’ve known it has changed. Different concepts of retirement are emerging — your personal vision of retirement likely differs from how your parents, neighbors, and friends expect to spend their retirement years. In addition, Americans today are living longer and are more responsible for funding their retirements than past generations.
As we navigate this continually evolving retirement landscape, it’s important that your retirement-planning process reflect your unique situation. And remember that retirement income (or cash flow) planning requires a different set of strategies, products, plans, and choices than saving for your retirement. Education and guidance can help you develop an income plan and a spending strategy that are right for you.
Understanding retirement income
While most people understand the importance of saving money for retirement, the concept of retirement income planning is less familiar. Some basic definitions are.
Retirement income is the money you use to cover your expenses when you stop working.
Potential retirement income sources include Social Security, pensions, annuities, retirement savings from a qualified employer sponsored plan (QRP) like 401(k), 403(b) and governmental 457(b) as well as IRAs.
Retirement income planning is the process of determining how much money you’ll need in retirement, and where your cash flow will come from each year. Retirement income planning involves four components:
Planning:Write a plan that includes your expected retirement expenses to help provide a roadmap through retirement.
Retirement investing strategies: Determine your various retirement income sources and consider the best way to invest your assets to help meet your retirement income goals.
Managing your retirement money: Decide how to manage your money to help maintain a steady flow of income that will cover your expenses throughout your retirement years.
Ongoing monitoring:Revisit and adjust your retirement income plan whenever your circumstances change, but at least once a year.
Benefits of planning your retirement income
Developing a written income plan can help you retire with confidence by considering questions such as: What do I want to do in retirement? Where do I want to live? Do I have enough to retire when I’d like? How do I create a steady income stream to take the place of my paycheck? How can I plan for the unexpected, such as extreme market fluctuations, health care needs, and other financial needs? And, will my money last throughout my retirement years?
For illustrative purposes only.
Starting the retirement income planning process five to 10 years before you retire allows you time to develop a thoughtful, personalized plan that will help make the most of your hard-earned savings.
cash flow to help meet both your near-term liquidity needs and longer-term needs for both income and growth
One approach to consider is to bucket cash for different shorter- and longer-term needs, such as living expenses, short-term goals, and emergencies. Here are some ways to implement each:
If you pay any attention to the stock market, you probably know that volatility is actually a normal part of investing.
Stock market volatility is a measure of how much the stock market’s overall value fluctuates up and down. A stock with a price that fluctuates wildly—hits new highs and lows or moves erratically—is considered highly volatile. A stock that maintains a relatively stable price has low volatility. according to Investopedia.
Stock market volatility is most commonly measured by standard deviation, which is a measure of the amount of variability around an average. The larger the standard deviation, the higher the volatility will be.
Volatility is often associated with fear, which tends to rise during bear markets, stock market crashes, and other big downward moves. However, volatility doesn’t measure direction. It’s simply a measure of how big the price swings are. You can think of volatility as a measure of short-term uncertainty.
“Keep it simple and avoid complications in the markets.”
Sooner or later, most investors realize that the stock market is actually a ‘market of stocks’ that is chaotic, dictated by investors’ emotions of fear and greed, and influenced by interest rates and macro economic conditions. Good stocks don’t always advance. Bad stocks don’t always fall. Reality is rarely ever as bullish, or as bearish, as forecasted by financial analysts and strategists.
What is certain is that a quasi-invisible force known as volatility is always always present, threatening to disrupt the market’s delicate equilibrium and sanity.
“One of the hardest parts about being a long-term investor is the fact that sometimes your money is going to get incinerated and there’s nothing you can do about it.” Barry Ritholtz
Investors have a few primary ways to respond.
They can sit tight and act like long-term investors. Time tends to reward such behavior, though research has shown that it is as difficult to practice as it is uncommon.
Most investors never hold stocks long enough to benefit from the fact that the market rises over time. Investors typically buy too late and sell too early. They routinely “greed in” and “panic out” of stocks. They hold stocks for just a few years — or worse, a few months — rather than carefully curating a portfolio over decades, which means most investors behave like salmon swimming upstream. They struggle against the stock market’s natural rhythms.
Rotations is when smart and retail money runs after gains in certain sectors until a rally there becomes exhausted, and then their money runs to other sectors.
Investors can use options to more effectively navigate the stock market. A well-placed put or call can make all the difference in an uncertain market. A well-placed options contract can turn the unpredictably of investing into a defined outcome.
There are two types of options. A call option gives investors the right to buy a stock at a certain price and time. A put option gives investors the right to sell a stock at a certain price and time. An easy way to remember the difference between puts and calls is that a call gives you the right to “call in” a winning stock, while a put gives you the right to “put off” a bad stock on someone else.
Investors buy puts when they want to protect stock that they own from losing value.
Investors buy calls when they want to own a stock they believe will increase in value.
Many investors sell puts and calls to generate income.
Many people pick options that expire in three months or less. When you buy an options contract that expires in a year or more, you spend more money because time equals risk.
Simplicity is everything. It’s important to keep your trading strategy simple and avoid complications in the markets. Since everything could change tomorrow, or not, and thus we fall back on something we learned during the dark days of the 2008-09 financial crisis: Focus on the facts that have held up over time
Consider keeping a list of stocks or exchange-traded funds you would like to buy during market sell offs or crashes.
When in doubt, always remember: “Bad investors think of ways to make money. Good investors think of ways to not lose money.”
To keep from panicking when stock market volatility ticks up, it’s important to realize that volatility comes with the territory when you decide to invest. The stock market will always have its ups and downs, and there’s no use trying to predict what’s going to happen. So if you’re investing for the long term, consider basing your decisions on your goals. timeline and tolerance for risk, rather than on what’s happening in the markets from one day to the next.
Also, remember that being diversified is one way to help manage your exposure to volatility. By spreading your money out over various asset classes you’re also spreading out your market risk, and ensuring your portfolio’s results aren’t based on the performance of one type of investment.
