Category Archives: Healthy Heart

Your Endothelium: The Thin Lining That Protects Your Heart

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Blood vessels have a tissue that plays a major role in cardiovascular health called the endothelium. The endothelium is a single layer of cells lining the inside of every blood vessel.

Your blood vessels have a tissue most people never hear about, and it plays a major role in cardiovascular health. It’s called the endothelium.

What Is the Endothelium?

The endothelium is a single layer of cells lining the inside of every blood vessel. If you stretched yours out, it would cover a very large surface area, and it does far more than act as a pipe liner. It helps:

  • Control whether vessels relax or tighten, which affects blood pressure
  • Prevent unwanted clotting
  • Regulate inflammation
  • Control what passes from the blood into surrounding tissue

When it works well, blood flows smoothly. When it stops working well, a condition called endothelial dysfunction, it is considered an early step toward high blood pressure and atherosclerosis (plaque buildup).

Nitric Oxide: The Key Signal

Healthy endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), a gas that signals the muscle around the vessel to relax. The vessel widens, blood flows more easily, and pressure drops. NO also helps keep platelets from sticking and reduces inflammation.

Cells make NO from the amino acid L-arginine using an enzyme called eNOS. Your body can also make it from dietary nitrate, found in vegetables. Bacteria in your mouth convert nitrate to nitrite, which the body then turns into NO.

What Damages the Endothelium

  • Smoking
  • Chronically high blood sugar
  • High LDL cholesterol and high blood pressure
  • Physical inactivity
  • Poor sleep and chronic stress

Lifestyle: The Biggest Lever

Regular exercise is one of the best-supported ways to boost NO production, because blood flow itself stimulates the endothelium. Not smoking, sleeping well, and managing weight, blood sugar, and blood pressure matter just as much as any food or pill.

Foods That Support Vascular Health

  • Leafy greens and beets: top sources of dietary nitrate (spinach, arugula, kale, beetroot)
  • Berries, citrus, and cocoa: rich in flavonoids linked to better vessel function
  • Fatty fish: salmon, sardines, and mackerel provide omega-3s
  • Nuts, seeds, and olive oil: unsaturated fats and polyphenols
  • Garlic and pomegranate: modest, promising evidence for blood pressure and vessel function
  • Legumes and whole grains: support healthy cholesterol and blood sugar

A Mediterranean-style pattern puts most of these together and has strong evidence for heart health.

Supplements: What the Evidence Says

Supplements can help in some cases but are not a substitute for the habits above.

  • Beetroot juice or nitrate supplements: Small studies show modest reductions in blood pressure.
  • L-citrulline: Raises arginine levels more effectively than taking arginine itself, with modest blood pressure benefits in some studies.
  • Omega-3 (fish oil): Lowers triglycerides. Results for heart attack and stroke prevention are mixed, and high doses may raise the risk of atrial fibrillation.
  • Cocoa flavanols: Show improvements in vessel function in studies, though large-trial results for heart events are not conclusive.
  • Antioxidants like vitamins C and E: Large trials have generally not shown cardiovascular benefit, so these are not recommended for this purpose.

Cautions Worth Knowing

  • Nitrate and NO-boosting supplements can dangerously lower blood pressure when combined with nitroglycerin or erectile dysfunction drugs (PDE5 inhibitors), and may add to the effect of blood pressure medication.
  • Beets are high in oxalates, which matters if you’re prone to kidney stones.
  • Antibacterial mouthwash may reduce the oral bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrite.
  • Fish oil and garlic supplements may increase bleeding risk, especially alongside blood thinners.

The Bottom Line

Protect your endothelium by moving daily, eating mostly plants, fish, and healthy fats, not smoking, and keeping blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar in range. Consider supplements only as a supplement to those habits, and only after talking with your doctor.

Disclaimer: This post is for general educational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any supplement or changing your diet or exercise routine, especially if you have a medical condition, are pregnant or nursing, or take prescription medication. Never ignore or delay professional medical advice because of something you read here.

 

Americans Consume More Sugar Than Bodies Can Handle

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Most Americans are consuming more sugar than their bodies were meant to handle.

The average American adult consumes about 17 teaspoons (71 grams) of added sugar per day—more than two to three times the American Heart Association’s recommended daily limit of 6 teaspoons (25 grams) for women and 9 teaspoons (36 grams) for men.

Current data shows that Americans, on average, consume over 300% of the recommended daily amount of added sugar.

Over time, excess consumption of these added sugars can increase the risk of health problems. This excessive intake is linked to increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise that added sugars should make up less than 10% of daily calories, but most people exceed this limit.

Source:  https://sugarscience.ucsf.edu/the-growing-concern-of-overconsumption.html

BELIEVE, HAVE FAITH, BE ALWAYS GRATEFUL!

Berberine

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Berberine is a bioactive compound found naturally in several plants, including a group of shrubs called Berberis. It has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine and offers impressive benefits for various health concerns.

Here’s how berberine works and some of its potential health benefits:

Blood Sugar Regulation:

  • Berberine has been shown to significantly lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
  • It works by:Decreasing insulin resistance, making insulin more effective.
    Increasing glycolysis (breaking down sugars inside cells).
  • Reducing sugar production in the liver.
  • Slowing carbohydrate breakdown in the gut.
  • Increasing beneficial gut bacteria.
  • In a study, taking 1 gram of berberine per day lowered fasting blood sugar by 20%and improved long-term blood sugar regulation.

Weight Loss:

Berberine may aid weight loss by affecting metabolism and energy levels.

It activates an enzyme called AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a key role in regulating metabolism.

Additionally, berberine influences other molecules inside cells and may impact gene expression, potentially protecting against chronic health conditions.

Heart Health:

Berberine has been associated with improved levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides).
It may be as effective as certain oral diabetes drugs in managing blood sugar.

Other Potential Benefits:

Berberine might aid in the treatment of conditions such as depression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Research suggests it could have benefits for cancer, inflammation, and more.

In summary, berberine is a powerful supplement with a wide range of potential health benefits. However, as with any supplement, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using it.

Vitamin K2

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Healthy levels of vitamin K2 support your heart, blood circulation, and bones.

Vitamin K2 is getting a lot of attention for its many health benefits. Vitamin K2 plays a role in regulating your blood pressure. It helps keep your bones strong. And it contributes to minimizing your risk of heart disease.

Vitamin K2 is also a powerful nutrient that is essential to many aspects of your health.  It is a fat-soluble vitamin that must be consumed in dietary or supplement form since our bodies can’t produce sufficient amounts on their own. Maintaining healthy levels of vitamin K2 supports your heart, blood circulation, and bones. Some think vitamin K2 may be the missing link between diet and several chronic diseases.

Vitamin K2 (MK-7)

Vitamin K2 can be divided into several different subtypes. The most important ones are MK-4 and MK-7. Research has shown that the long-chain form of vitamin K2 called menaquinone-7 (MK-7) offers more advanced benefits than its short-chain form, menaquinone-4 (MK-4).

Unlike MK-4, MK-7 allows for smaller, more convenient doses because it accumulates in the bloodstream. MK-7 beats out MK-4 with better accumulation and absorption rates in the bloodstream. MK-7 also aids in bone mineral density, helping with bone quality and strength – making it the superior form of K2.

Vitamins K2 and D3 are powerful for teeth and bone health. D3 helps your body metabolize calcium by directing it to your teeth and bones, but this job isn’t complete without K2. Vitamin K2 activates the proteins needed to deposit calcium in the correct spots.

Combat Common Deficiencies

In a survey from the National Health and Nutrition Examination, 25% of Americans were found to be at risk of a vitamin D deficiency. In comparison, 8% were vitamin D deficient – an increase from the previous 20 years. This research shows how widespread low vitamin D levels can be, and when left untreated, vitamin D deficiency can impact bone health, mood, and energy levels.

Healthy Blood Flow

Some of the calcium we consume can end up being stored in blood vessels and soft tissues, constricting blood flow to your heart. Vitamin K2 draws this excess calcium away from the soft tissue, aiding blood circulation.

Chronic Diseases Greatest Threat to Life Expectancy

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Chronic diseases are the greatest threat to life expectancy and public health, killing far more Americans between 35 and 64 every year.  ~ Washington Post

While opioids and gun violence in the U.S. have rightly seized the media and public’s attention, heart disease and cancer remained, even at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the leading causes of death for people 35 to 64, according to a Washington Post analysis of mortality data.

And many other conditions  have become more common, including diabetes and liver disease. These chronic ailments are the primary reason American life expectancy has been poor compared with other Westen nations.

The pandemic amplified a racial gap in life expectancy that had been narrowing in recent decades. In 2021, life expectancy for Native Americans was 65 years; for Black Americans, 71; for White Americans, 76; for Hispanic Americans, 78; and for Asian Americans 84.

Life expectancy is a wide-angle snapshot of average death rates for people in different places or age groups. The life expectancy metric is a reasonably good measure of a nation’s overall health. And America’s is not very good.

In essence, the U.S. healthcare system geared toward disease and illness treatment rather than prevention. Health care is “the only business that doesn’t reward for quality care. All we reward for is volume. Do more, and you’re going to get more money,” Michael Imburgia, a Louisville cardiologist said.

The rate of obesity deaths for adults 35 to 64 doubled from 1979 to 2000, then doubled again from 2000 to 2019. In 2005, a special reportin the New England Journal of Medicine warned that the rise of obesity would eventually halt and reverse historical trends in life expectancy. That warning generated little reaction.

Obesity is one reason progress against heart disease, after accelerating between 1980 and 2000, has slowed, experts say. Obesity is poised to overtake tobacco as the No. 1 preventable cause of cancer, according to Otis Brawley, an oncologist and epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University.

References:

  1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/interactive/2023/american-life-expectancy-dropping/

Nitric Oxide Sources

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Nitric oxide is a molecule that is very important to the way the body works, including how the blood flows, how the immune system works, and how the brain works.

Adding nitric oxide to your diet may help your health in a number of ways, such as lowering your blood pressure, improving your blood flow and exercise performance, and reducing inflammation.

Foods that are naturally high in nitric oxide or help the body produce more nitric oxide include:

  • Beets: Beets are a rich source of nitrates, which the body converts into nitric oxide. They also contain antioxidants and other nutrients that can support overall health.
  • Spinach: Spinach is another excellent source of nitrates and contains various other nutrients, including vitamins and minerals.
  • Berries: Many berries, including blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries, contain antioxidants and other compounds that may support nitric oxide production.
  • Pomegranate: Pomegranate is high in antioxidants and has been shown to support nitric oxide production in the body.

Nocebo Effect

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The nocebo effect is when you experience negative feelings physically because you are told that might happen.

The nocebo effect – when expecting a drug to make you worse, genuinely does – has been seen before in medicine.

The nocebo effect is the opposite of the more familiar placebo effect, in which people feel better after being given a therapy, even if there is nothing in it.

The statin ‘nice I effect’ study focused on 60 patients who had all come off statin drugs in the past due to severe side effects.

The Imperial researchers said 90% of the severity of the study’s participants symptoms was present when the volunteers were taking dummy pills they thought could be a statin.

“The side effects are mainly caused by act of taking tablets, not what is in them,” Dr James Howard, one of the researchers told BBC News.

Symptoms were so bad that people had to stop taking the tablets on 71 occasions, including 31 times while they were just taking the dummy pill, during the course of the study.

“Our patients were really suffering, patients are not making it up,” Dr Howard said.

Whether it is nocebo effect or the chemicals in the statin themselves, the net result is some people find the drugs intolerable.

The reason statins produce a nocebo effect is unknown. The suspicion is they have achieved a self-fulfilling destiny with media reports and cardiologists warning of the side-effects of statins.

Professor Sir Nilesh Samani, the medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said: “These results undeniably show that statins are not responsible for many of the side effects attributed to them.

“Decades of evidence have proven that statins save lives and they should be the first port of call for individuals at high risk of heart attack and stroke.”

References:

  1. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-54951648

Health: There are No Limits

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“Once you pass the age of fifty, exercise is no longer optional. You have to exercise or get old.” ~ Dr. Henry S. Lodge. M.S., Younger Next Year, pg. 113.

People tend not to exercise because they are tired at the end of the day, But, in reality, people are tired at the end of the day not because they get to much exercise of physical exertion, explains Dr. Henry S. Lodge. M.D., leading NY internist and Columbia Medical School Professor. Instead, people are tired at the end of the day because they do not get enough exercise and as a result, they are not fit.

People are mentally, emotionally and physically drained and exhausted from being sedentary, states Dr. Lodge. Study after steady demonstrates that productivity increases and an individual functions better each day when they are fit. In short, time spent exercising and getting fit is life enhancing and extending.

So, make daily exercise a habit or routine like taking a shower or brushing your teeth. In short, your body craves the body’s chemical reaction resulting from exercise and movement.  So it’s important for you to “Do Something Everyday”.

Start exercising at a level that matches your current level of fitness, Dr. Lodge urges. Start out a level that is hard enough to make you sweat like walking at a brisk pace for twenty to thirty minutes. But, before you get started, check with your medical doctor.

Getting and staying fit is wonderful if you’re healthy, but it’s essential and life saving if you’re not healthy. Your life will improve dramatically once you commit to the habit of regular exercise.

Your long term endurance exercise goal should be to do long and slow aerobic exercise for three hours or more at 60% to 65% of maximum heart rate for three hours without getting exhausted.  You should be able to do something like an all morning bike ride for three hours or more well into your sixties, seventies, eighties and nineties.  You should make a real commitment to do something like that at least once a month

If you can get to the level of three hours or more of endurance exercise and stay there, life will be good, says Chris Crowley, New York Times bestselling co-author of “Younger Next Year”. Crowley recommends that you:

  1. Exercise six days a week for at least 30 minutes for the rest of your life.
  2. Do serious aerobic exercise four days a week for the rest of your life.
  3. Do serious strength training, with weights or body weight, two days a week for the rest of your life.
  4. Eat healthy foods and drink plenty of water. Quit eating crappy food like refined sugar, refined carbs and processed foods.
  5. Maintain close relationships and social connections.
  6. Get adequate sleep and reduce stress.
  7. Have an attitude of gratitude.  Always be grateful.

“Open heart surgery is hugely popular these days, apparently because so many guys prefer it to learning about aerobic exercise and working out.” ~ Chris Crowley, Younger Next Year, pg. 116.

Crowley believes that it’s possible that Americans, as a society, “can be radically healthier, more energetic, more fit, more optimistic and effective by making modest, behavioral changes. Putting off 70% of today’s aging is a simple matter: Move a lot more!…quit eating crap!…connect with others!, he emphasizes.” The combination of sedentary lifestyle  and the crappy food we eat is wrecking Americans lives and ruining the economy. The nation spends “20% of our national income on health care”. Half of the amount spent on healthcare could be saved “because 50% of our bad health is simply the result of the ridiculous way we eat and live.”

Final thoughts…staying deeply connected with and caring about family and friends and others are essential for healthy aging and longevity. Staying in touch… caring… is hugely important.

References:

  1. Chris Crowley and Henry S. Lodge, M.D., Younger Next Year, Workman Publishing, 2nd Edition, New York, December 24, 2019.
  2. https://www.youngernextyear.com/bios/

“Younger Next Year: Live Strong, Fit, Sexy, and Smart―Until You’re 80 and Beyond” – According to authors Chris Crowley and Dr. Henry S. Lodge, M.D., men 50 or older can become functionally younger every year for the next five to ten years, and continue to live like fifty-year-olds until well into their eighties. To enjoy life and be stronger, healthier, and more alert. To stave off 70% of the normal decay associated with aging (weakness, sore joints, apathy), and to eliminate over 50% of all illness and potential injuries.

Omega 3 and Metabolic Health

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Omega-3 are essential fatty acids and getting sufficient Omega-3 fatty acid levels are a pillar of maintaining your brain, heart and immune health.  ~ Sports Research

Omega-3 are an essential fatty acids that our bodies cannot produce and have been linked to many health benefits and is necessary for many metabolic processes. In particular, omega 3 may help promote brain and heart health, reduce inflammation, and protect against several chronic conditions.

There are three main types of omega 3 fatty acids:

  • lpha-linolenic acid (ALA),
  • eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
  • docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Many studies show that eating fatty fish and other types of seafood as part of a healthy eating pattern helps keep your heart healthy and helps protect you from some heart problems, according to the National Institute of Health’s Fact Sheet for Consumers of Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Getting more EPA and DHA from foods or dietary supplements lowers triglyceride levels, and may promote brain health.

Decades ago, researchers observed that fish-eating communities had very low rates of metabolic diseases. This was later linked to omega-3 consumption.

Since then, omega-3 fatty acids have been tied to numerous benefits for heart health.

These benefits include:

  • Triglycerides: Omega-3s can significantly reduce levels of triglycerides.
  • HDL cholesterol: Some older studies suggest that omega-3s could raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels.
  • Blood clots: Omega-3s can keep blood platelets from clumping together. This helps prevent the formation of harmful blood clots, according to some older research.
  • Inflammation: Omega-3s reduce the production of some substances released during your body’s inflammatory response.

Our metabolism is defined by a complex series of chemical reactions that occur throughout our whole body, in all our tissues, all the time, to keep us up and running. Our metabolism breaks down nutrients into smaller, bite-size molecules that our cells can use for all kinds of good things, including generating energy and allowing cells to communicate with each other.

Metabolism also includes building larger molecules that our bodies can use to form tissues and perform more complex functions that make our bodies smarter, faster, and healthier.

Thus, your metabolism is a fully functioning factory that takes nutrients in and turns them into, well…you. Your metabolism takes place on a cellular level. Your cells make up tissues, that make up organs, that make up entire bodily systems. When something goes wrong with your metabolism, there’s a domino effect that can add up to some pretty significant issues.

When we’re younger, our metabolism runs like a well-oiled machine. Unfortunately, as we age, our metabolism slows, resulting in an increasingly poorly functioning factory that produces an increasingly less-healthy you

Metabolic syndrome is a term for a group of conditions that place you at a higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke. These include:

  • Excess weight, which can lead to obesity(especially around the midsection)
  • Insulin resistance, which can lead to diabetes and fatty liver disease
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol

These conditions can also cause chronic, low-level inflammation, which researchers now believe is a major underlying cause of many age-related illnesses and diseases.

It goes without saying that diet and exercise are important, but in terms of your metabolic health, they’re incredibly crucial.

Proper diet and exercise are at the foundation of any healthy lifestyle.

Your heart is a muscle, and just like any muscle, you should exercise it. You should aim to dedicate at least 30 minutes a day to movement and exercise.

And, a proper diet includes prioritizing your veggies, eating your whole grains, and choosing lean meats and poultry. Try to reduce your intake of salt, sugar, refined carbs and “unhealthy fats” such as those found in butter, fried food, processed snack foods, and red meat.

References:

  1. https://sportsresearch.com/blogs/wellness/daily-habits-for-a-healthy-heart
  2. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer/#h1
  3. https://fatty15.com/blogs/news/promoting-your-metabolic-health-a-focus-on-pentadecanoic-acid-c15-0
  4. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/17-health-benefits-of-omega-3#TOC_TITLE_HDR_5

Stopping a Pandemic

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“Cardiovascular disease kills more people each year than COVID-19 at its worst. We know how to prevent it. We just need the political will.” Tom Frieden

Although COVID-19 is the most aggressively reported pandemic of our lifetime, it is neither the deadliest nor the most preventable.

That distinction goes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), a pandemic so common it is invisible, so routinely lethal it seems normal, and so ingrained in the fabric of modern society it seems natural.

Every year, cardiovascular disease kills twice as many people, at a younger average age, as COVID-19 has at its worst, and since 2020, there’s been a surge in fatalities from heart disease and stroke in the U.S. And, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of lower life expectancy among African Americans.

Some basics facts…in the first two years of the pandemic, COVID-19 killed nearly 900,000 people in the U.S., says Tom Frieden, M.D., chief executive, Resolve to Save Lives.

In those same years, heart attacks and strokes killed more than 1.6 million. Globally, COVID-19 killed more than 10 million people in the first two years of the pandemic; in the same two years, cardiovascular disease killed more than 35 million globally.

The leading drivers of cardiovascular disease related heart attacks and strokes are:

  • Tobacco use,
  • Hypertension,
  • Artificial trans fats consumption, and
  • Air pollution,

and all are preventable.

Related medical costs and productivity losses approach $450 billion annually, and inflation-adjusted direct medical costs are projected to triple over the next two decades if present trends continue.

Cardiovascular disease can be prevented

Tobacco

Tackling these killers—tobacco use, hypertension, artificial trans fat, and air pollution—doesn’t require making radical changes in society. Americans still very much lived in the same country after we reduced the number of fatal car crashes by outlawing drunken driving, promoted child development by eliminating lead in paint and gasoline, and prevented food poisoning through regulations making food safer. But it does mean regulating companies that sell tobacco and unhealthy foods and cause air pollution so that they are forced to share some of the costs of the enormous harms they cause.

The first priority is to end the epidemic of tobacco use. Once people start, especially those who start young, the addictiveness of nicotine in tobacco makes it extraordinarily difficult to stop. Although smoking rates are now at the lowest level ever measured in the U.S., more than 35 million adults still smoke tobacco, each day 1,600 kids try their first cigarette, and tobacco kills nearly 500,000 Americans every year.

The way to reduce smoking is to rally our collective will to do something about the problem. Increasing taxes on tobacco can save millions of lives by using high prices to suppress demand. Rigorous studies have proved that tobacco has a negative price elasticity: For every 10% increase in price, consumption declines by about 4% and by about 8% for children and lower-income groups. About half of that decrease is from people quitting and the other half from people cutting down on the number of cigarettes they smoke.

Sodium and Hypertension

The most important single step to prevent high blood pressure is to reduce your sodium consumption

Kaiser Permanente’s research has shown that it is possible to achieve 90% blood pressure control. Closely related, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends consuming no more than 2 g of sodium per day (5 g/d salt). Unfortunately, the average salt intake globally is between 9 and 12 g/d.10. High sodium intake is the leading cause of hypertension and is responsible for 2.3 million deaths per year.

Reducing sodium intake reduces blood pressure which in turn lowers cardiovascular disease risk.

Artificial trans fats

Artificial trans fat is a harmful compound that increases the risk of heart attack and death. It can be eliminated and replaced with healthier alternatives without altering taste or increasing cost.

Artificial trans fat is estimated to cause 540,000 deaths every year, globally. Elimination of artificial trans fat has substantial health benefits. Eliminating the use of artificial trans fat in foods in Denmark reduced deaths from cardiovascular disease. In New York State, people living in counties with artificial trans fat restrictions were 6% less likely to be admitted to the hospital after suffering a heart attack or stroke.

Air pollution

Cardiovascular disease stubbornly remains the leading cause of preventable death in America and globally. Political will to combat this silent pandemic and public education are the two best remedies.

References:

  1. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp1110421
  2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/stopping-a-pandemic-deadlier-than-covid-11648220259
  3. https://www.ahrq.gov/workingforquality/about/agency-specific-quality-strategic-plans/nqs2.html

Small Rewards Work Best for Exercise

Micro rewards increase gym visits by 16%. Combine a few successful strategies, such as:

  • Set a reasonable workout schedule
  • Add reminders on your phone
  • Plan small rewards for keeping to your schedule and also for going back to the gym if you miss a plan workout.

One in Sixty Rule — It means that for every 1 degree an aircraft veers off its intended course, it misses its target destination by 1 mile for every 60 miles it flies. Further you go, further away from your goal or destination you get. It is true in life too.