6 habits of successful investors | Fidelity Viewpoints

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Planning, consistency, and sound fundamentals can improve results.

Fidelity Viewpoints – 03/17/2021

For most people, achieving success as an investor means reaching their financial goals, like owning a home, paying for college, or having the retirement you want.

What separates the most successful investors from the rest? Here are the 6 habits of successful investors that we’ve witnessed over the years—and how to make them work for you.

1. Start with a plan

At Fidelity, we believe creating a financial plan can provide the foundation for investment success. The financial planning process can help you take stock of your situation, define your goals and figure out practical steps to get there.

Financial planning doesn’t have to be fancy or expensive. You can do it with the help of a financial professional or an online tool like those in Fidelity’s Planning & Guidance Center. Either way, making a plan based on sound financial planning principles is an important step.

A plan is one service that financial professionals frequently offer their clients.

There is some evidence that families who work with financial professionals are better prepared to meet long-term financial goals. Fidelity’s Retirement Savings Assessment looked at thousands of American families to see how ready they are for retirement and found that a family who worked with an advisor had a median Retirement ScoreSM of 89, higher than the score of 81 for families who did not seek the help of an advisor.1 Of course, that higher score associated with an advisor could be due to other services that the advisor offered or differences in the families who sought out professional guidance.

2. Be a supersaver

While it’s easy to get caught up in the ups and downs of the market, it’s also important to think about how much of your income you are putting away for the future. Saving early and often can be a powerful force when it comes to making progress toward long-term financial goals.

As a general rule of thumb, Fidelity suggests putting away at least 15% of your income for retirement, including any employer match. Of course, that number is just a starting point, for some people it will be lower and for some people it will be higher. But regardless, there is evidence that saving more and starting earlier help people reach long-term goals. Fidelity’s Retirement Savings Assessment looked at dedicated savers, individuals who were putting away more than 10% of their income, and found that they had Retirement Score of 99.

On the other hand, the median score for a person saving less than 10% was 68. Dedicated savers of all ages had higher median scores but the differences were particularly large for younger savers who had more time to put away money during their careers.2

3. Diversify

Fidelity believes one key foundation of successful investing is diversification (owning a variety of stocks, bonds and other assets), which can help control risk.

Having an appropriate investment mix, giving you a portfolio that delivers growth potential with a level of risk that makes sense for your situation, may make it easier to stick with your plan through the ups and downs of the market.

Diversification cannot guarantee gains, or that you won’t experience a loss, but it does aim to provide a reasonable trade-off between risk and reward. You can not only diversify among stocks, bonds, and cash, but also within those categories. Consider diversifying your stock exposure across regions, sectors, investment styles (value, blend, and growth), and size (small-, mid-, and large-cap stocks). For bonds, consider diversifying across different credit qualities, maturities, and issuers.

Fidelity’s Retirement Savings Assessment shows that investors whose asset mix is on track seem better prepared for retirement. People who were on track had a median score of 87, while people whose investment mix was off track had a score of just 77.3

4. Stick with your plan, despite volatility

When the value of your investments falls, it’s only human to want to run for shelter. But the best investors don’t. Instead, they maintain an allocation to stocks they can live with in good markets and bad.

The financial crisis of late 2008 and early 2009 when stocks dropped nearly 50% might have seemed a good time to run for safety in cash. But a Fidelity study of 1.5 million workplace savers found that those who stayed invested in the stock market during that time were far better off than those who headed for the sidelines.4

From June of 2008 through the end of 2017, those who stayed invested saw their account balances—which reflected the impact of their investment choices and contributions—grow 147%. That’s twice the average 74% return for those who fled stocks during the fourth quarter of 2008 or first quarter of 2009. While most investors did not make any changes during the market downturn, those who did made a fateful decision with a lasting impact. More than 25% of those who sold out of stocks never got back into the market and missed the gains that followed.4

If you get anxious when the stock market drops, remember that’s a normal response to volatility. It’s important to stick with your long-term investment mix and to have enough growth potential to achieve your goals. If you can’t tolerate the ups and downs of your portfolio, consider a less volatile mix of investments that you can stick with.

5. Consider low-fee investment products that offer good value

Savvy investors know they can’t control the market, but they can control costs. A study by independent research company Morningstar® found that, while by no means guaranteed, funds with lower expense ratios have historically had a higher probability of outperforming other funds in their category—in terms of relative total return, and future risk-adjusted return ratings. (Read details of the studyOpens in a new window.)

Fidelity has also found that trading commissions and execution vary greatly among brokers, and the cost of trading affects your returns. Learn more about using price improvement for trading savings.

6. Focus on generating after-tax returns

Another habit that may help investors succeed is keeping an eye on taxes and account types.

Accounts that offer tax benefits, like 401(k)s, IRAs, and certain annuities have the potential to help generate higher after-tax returns. This is what investors call “account location”—the amount of money you put into different types of accounts should be based on each account’s respective tax treatment. A related concept is called “asset location”—the practice of putting different types of investments in various types accounts, based on the tax efficiency of the investment and the tax treatment of the type of account.

While taxes alone should never drive your investment decisions, you may want to consider putting your least tax-efficient investments (for example, taxable bonds whose interest payments are taxed at relatively high ordinary income tax rates) in tax-deferred accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs. Meanwhile, more tax-efficient investments (for example, low-turnover funds, like index funds or ETFs, and municipal bonds, where interest is typically free from federal income tax) are usually more suitable for taxable accounts.

The bottom line

Investing can be complex, but some of the most important habits of successful investors are pretty simple. If you build a smart plan and stick with it, save enough, make reasonable investment choices, and be aware of taxes, you will have adopted some of the key traits that may lead to success.

Source:   https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/investing-ideas/six-habits-successful-investors?ccsource=email_weekly

References:

  1. 6 habits of successful investors, Fidelity Viewpoints, 3/17/2021 

Tax Savings in Retirement

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Tax planning keeps more money in your pocket in retirement.

In retirement, one of your top financial planning priorities is to maintain steady cash flow. One means to achieve steady cash flow is to pay as few taxes as legally possible in retirement. It’s important for you to think about how your retirement planning and cash flow are affected by taxes — both now and by potential increases in the future.

Taxes can be a burden for people on fixed incomes. These include federal, state and local income taxes and property taxes. Long-term tax planning is one of the best things you can do to boost your income and cash flow in retirement, however, it’s often overlooked. One way to change that is when your thinking about tax planning in retirement, you choose to think of it as tax saving instead.

Tax planning is one of the best things you can do to keep more money in your pocket in retirement.  And, you don’t need to be a tax guru to save money on taxes. The truth is that you have the power to lower your taxable income.

The good news is that most states offer some form of tax relief for retirees, whether through levying no tax on sales, income, Social Security or some combination. You might even qualify for a property tax exemption, depending on your age, income and where you live. But since these benefits vary depending on your location, it’s important to make a plan now to avoid an unforeseen tax liability later.

While everyone’s tax situation is different, there are certain steps most taxpayers can take to lower their taxable income.

Save for retirement

Starting small and starting now can make savings add up faster than you’d think.

Contributions to a company sponsored 401(k) or an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) can be a great way to lower your tax bill. The two most popular IRAs are Traditional and Roth, and the difference between them is when your contributions are taxed.

Company sponsored 401(k) plans are the most popular option, since many employers often match employee contributions to their 401(k) plans. Experts recommend contributing either the full amount allowed, annually ($19,500 for 2020 or $26,000 for taxpayers 50 and over), or – at least – the maximum amount that will be matched by your employer.

Traditional IRAs are usually pre-tax contributions, meaning your contributions are placed in your IRA before being taxed, lowering your taxable income for the current tax year. You won’t pay taxes on your contributions until you withdrawal the money.

Roth IRA or Roth 401(k) are tax-exempt accounts which offer tax advantages in the future. Your money is taxed before you contribute to the account, but you can withdraw it tax-free in retirement. Thanks to historically low tax environment right now, many Americans are converting traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs. You’ll pay taxes when converting to a Roth, which is why it may be wise to do a partial conversion. This way you’re only moving as much money as you’re able to pay taxes on this year and moving more money next year.

Contribute to your HSA

Pre-tax contributions to Health Savings Accounts (HSA’s) also reduce your taxable income. The IRS allows you to make HSA contributions until the tax deadline and apply the deductions to the current tax year. This means you can continue lowering your tax bill, even after December 31.

Setup a college savings fund for your kids

Originally created to help families save for college tuition, 529 plans were expanded by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 to cover savings for K-12 public, private, and religious school tuition. You can use up to $10,000 of 529 plan funds per year, per student, to pay qualified educational expenses.

  • The contributions you make to a 529 plan are not tax-deductible at the federal level, but part or all of them may be tax-deductible at the state level (the rules vary by state).
  • The earnings from a 529 account are not subject to federal tax, and the distributions are not taxed as long as they are used to pay for qualified educational expenses for the student named as the beneficiary of the plan.
  • Another option under the 529 program is use a pre-paid college tuition plan for a qualified in-state public institution. This allows you to lock in current tuition rates no matter how old your child is.

Make charitable contributions

Making charitable contributions is another great way to reduce your tax bill. Donating cash, toys, household items, appreciated stocks and your volunteer efforts to qualifying charitable organizations can provide big tax savings.

  • Time spent volunteering isn’t tax deductible, but expenses incurred while doing volunteer work may be deductible, such as the cost of ingredients for a donated dish and certain travel expenses when attending a charitable event (14 cents per mile in 2020.)
  • Your donations are only tax deductible if the organization you’re donating to is a qualified nonprofit organization.
  • You must itemize your tax deductions in order for charitable contributions to lower your tax bill.

Except that for 2020 you can deduct up to $300 per tax return of qualified cash contributions if you take the standard deduction. For 2021, this amount is up to $600 per tax return for those filing married filing jointly and $300 for other filing statuses.

Harvest investment losses

Taxable accounts include your brokerage and savings accounts. You are taxed on the interest you earn and on any dividends or gains. Investment accounts are an important part of your overall financial plan, especially during your working years as you grow and accumulate your savings for retirement.

Reporting losses on capital investments can also reduce your tax bill. “Loss harvesting” is considered to be a key year-end strategy. This is when you sell your investments to “realize” a loss(the act of selling at a loss). These losses can be used to offset capital gains taxes, dollar for dollar, reducing your overall tax liability.

  • When you have more losses than gains, you can use up to $3,000 of excess losses to offset ordinary income.
  • The remainder of the losses (in excess of the $3,000 allowed each year) can be carried forward year after year.
  • Keep in mind that the IRS doesn’t allow use of losses from a “wash sale”; when you purchase the same or “substantially similar” investment within 30 days before or after the loss.

Claim Tax Credits

When you claim tax credits, you reduce your tax bill by the dollar amount of the tax credit. For example, if you have a child under 17, you may qualify for the $2,000 child tax credit. That’s an instant $2,000 tax savings.

Take advantage of tax credits

There are many tax credits available, and it is essential to claim all the benefits you are entitled to. Credits are usually better than deductions because they can reduce the tax you owe, not just your taxable income.

For example, suppose you have $50,000 taxable income and $10,000 in tax deductions. These deductions reduce your taxable income to $40,000.

  • $50,000 taxable income – $10,000 tax deductions = $40,000 taxable income

In your tax bracket, that $10,000 of taxable income would have been taxed at a rate of 12%. As a result of your deductions, you would save $1,200 on your tax bill.

  • $10,000 taxable income x .12 tax rate = $1,200

Because tax credits reduce the amount of tax you owe, dollar for dollar, $10,000 in tax credits would mean $10,000 in tax savings instead of $1,200.

Some of the most popular tax credits are:

Maximize your small business expenses

Usually, small business owners and self-employed taxpayers are able to use a much wider range of tax reduction strategies than individual taxpayers because of tax deductible small business expenses. Some common small business tax deductions include,

  • Office rent,
  • Home office expenses,
  • Cost of acquiring and maintaining a vehicle for the business, and
  • Inventory.

The lower your net profit, the lower your self-employment tax will be, so writing off as many expenses as possible can help reduce your tax bill.  Claiming small business tax deductions can also lower both your income taxes and self-employment taxes, and you can deduct a portion of your self-employment tax payments on your personal tax return.

Countless retirees miss out on thousands of dollars in tax savings by not realizing how many expenses they can write off. With the proper tax advice, you can literally convert your personal expenses into small business expenses. The tax code is written for small business owners and investors to prosper, don’t let these savings escape your pockets.

Key Points:

  • Maximize your tax-advantaged accounts
  • Roth contributions to retirement accounts are post taxed
  • Traditional contributions to retirement accounts are pre-taxed

References:

  1. https://www.kiplinger.com/taxes/tax-planning/602272/5-strategies-for-tax-planning-now-and-in-retirement
  2. https://www.cofieldadvisors.com/post/5-financial-tips-for-small-business-owners
  3. https://www.kiplinger.com/taxes/tax-planning/602505/good-planning-can-reduce-the-chances-of-taxes-hurting-your-retirement
  4. https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/tax-deductions-and-credits/7-best-tips-to-lower-your-tax-bill-from-turbotax-tax-experts/L0frRUUVL
  5. https://www.kiplinger.com/retirement/602564/questions-retirees-often-get-wrong-about-taxes-in-retirement

Form 1099-B to Report Proceeds from Stock Transactions

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If you sell stocks, bonds, derivatives or other securities through a broker, you can expect to receive one or more copies of Form 1099-B. This form is used to report gains or losses from transactions like selling stocks in the preceding calendar year.

Information on the 1099-B

In most cases, a 1099-B form provides information about securities or property involved in a transaction handled by a broker.

This includes:

  • A brief description of the item sold, such as “100 shares of XYZ Co”
  • The date you bought or acquired it
  • The date you sold it
  • How much it cost you to acquire it
  • How much you received for it when you sold it
  • Whether your broker withheld any federal tax

How Form 1099-B is used

The 1099-B helps you deal with capital gains taxes. Usually, when you sell something for more than it cost you to acquire it, the profit is a capital gain, and it may be taxable. On the other hand, if you sell something for less than you paid for it, then you may have a capital loss, which you might be able to use to reduce your taxable capital gains or other income.

  • You pay capital gains taxes with your income tax return, using Schedule D.
  • The data from Form 1099-B helps you fill out Schedule D and Form 8949 if needed.

Short-term and long-term gains

Box 2 of the form tells whether the gain or loss involved is short-term or long-term.

Generally,

  • If you owned an asset, such as stock, for a year or less before selling it, any gain or loss from a sale is short-term.
  • If you owned it for more than a year, you would normally have a long-term gain.
  • The distinction is extremely important, since tax rates on long-term gains are generally significantly lower than those on short-term gains.

What is a capital gain?

A capital gain is what the tax law calls the profit you receive when you sell a capital asset, which is property such as stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares and real estate. This does not include your primary residence. Special rules apply to those sales.

There is a difference between a short-term and long-term capital gain. The tax law divides capital gains into two different classes determined by the calendar.

  1. Short-term gains come from the sale of property owned one year or less and are taxed at your maximum tax rate, as high as 37% in 2020.
  2. Long-term gains come from the sale of property held more than one year and are taxed at either 0%, 15%, or 20% for 2020.

References:

  1. https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/investments-and-taxes/what-is-form-1099-b-proceeds-from-broker-transactions/L071oPWkE
  2. https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/investments-and-taxes/capital-gains-and-losses/L7GF1ouP8

Savings Goal: Emergency Fund | America Saves

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Make a pledge to yourself and create a simple savings plan that works.

EMERGENCY FUND

Nearly a quarter of savers who take the America Saves pledge chose “emergency savings” as their first wealth-building goal. And they have the right idea. Research shows that low-income families with at least $500 in an emergency fund were better off financially than moderate-income families with less than this amount. Yet most Americans don’t have enough savings to cover an unexpected emergency.

WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY SAVINGS FUND?

An emergency savings fund consists of at least $500, usually in a savings account that you do not have easy access to. Saving for this fund starts with small, regularly scheduled automatic contributions that build up over time.

WHY SHOULD YOU START SAVING FOR EMERGENCIES?

Maintaining an emergency savings account may be the most important difference between those who manage to stay afloat and those who sink in debt. It also gives you peace of mind knowing that you can afford to pay unexpected expenses and ease anxieties over an uncertain future. That’s because keeping $500 to $1,000 of savings for emergencies can allow you to easily meet unexpected financial challenges such as repairing the brakes on your car or replacing a broken window in your house.

“Having cash or cash equivalents in your portfolio gives you peace of mind and the opportunity to capitalize when everyone else is losing their minds during a market correction,” said Henry Hoang, a certified financial planner with Bright Wealth Advisors in Irvine, California.

Not having emergency savings is one of the reasons many individuals borrow too much money, resort to high-cost loans, or increase their credit card balances to high levels.

HOW SHOULD YOU BUILD YOUR EMERGENCY SAVINGS?

The easiest and most effective way to save is automatically. This is how millions of Americans save. Your bank or credit union can help you set up automatic savings by transferring a fixed amount from your checking account to a savings account. Learn more about saving automatically. 

WHERE SHOULD YOU KEEP YOUR EMERGENCY SAVINGS?

It’s usually best to keep emergency savings in a bank or credit union savings account. These types of accounts offer easier access to your money than certificates of deposit, U.S. Savings Bonds, or mutual funds. Though these are useful tools for long-term saving, they are not ideal for an emergency fund that you may need access to more quickly. But not too quickly! Keeping your money in a savings account makes it much less likely that you will use these savings to pay for everyday, non-emergency expenses. Out of sight, out of mind. That’s why it is usually a mistake to keep your emergency fund in a checking account.

Your local America Saves campaign can help you find a participating financial institution that offers low- or no-minimum balance savings accounts.

HOW CAN YOU GET STARTED?

Those with a savings plan are twice as likely to save successfully. This includes setting a goal to build an emergency fund and deciding how much you want to save each month. This is where we come in. If you’re ready to make a commitment to yourself to save, take the America Saves pledge to save money, build wealth, and reduce debt. We’ll keep you motivated with information, advice, tips, and reminders to help you reach your goal to build an emergency fund.

References:

  1. https://americasaves.org/what-to-save-for/?goal=emergency-fund
  2. https://money.yahoo.com/warren-buffett-advice-is-more-relevant-than-ever-155730298.html

TWELVE SUCCESSFUL WAYS TO SAVE MONEY | America Saves

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Start small, Think big. Make a commitment to yourself to save money, reduce your debt, establish an emergency fund, invest for the long-term and begin building wealth.

By Barbara O’Neill, Ph.D., CFP, CRPC, AFC, CHC, CFEd, CFCS, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

Savings is the foundation for investing. You cannot invest money if you have not saved it first. Like dieting, saving money is hard to start, even harder to maintain, and requires patience and discipline. When you achieve your financial goals, however, the results are so worth it. Below are 12 time-tested ways to save:

  1. Pay Yourself First – Treat savings like an important household bill (e.g., loan payment). Set aside a part of each paycheck, even if it is only a small amount, and leave it there. Save automatically where possible.
  2. Collect Coins – Put loose change into a can or jar. When the container is full, deposit the money into a savings account. Set aside $1 a day, plus loose change, and you should have about $50 a month, or $600 a year, saved. Save $2 a day, plus loose change, and you should have about $1,000.
  3. Complete a Savings Challenge – Pick a savings Challenge that matches your time frame and savings goal such as the 30 Day $100 Savings Challenge or the 50 Week $2,500 Savings Challenge. Savings challenges gradually ramp up savings deposits over time and provide motivation and structure.
  4. Continue to Pay a Loan or Bill – Make payments to savings or investment accounts with money that is freed up when loan payments end or an expense, such as childcare, ends. The rationale behind this savings method is that you are already accustomed to the payment so “redirecting” it will not pinch your cash flow.
  5. Break Costly Habits – Track your spending for a month or two and pick a few places where spending can be cut back or cut out to “find” money to save. For example, brown bagging lunch two or three days per week could save hundreds of dollars over the course of a year.
  6. Bank a Windfall – Save all or part of large, infrequent expected or unexpected sums of money. Examples of common financial windfalls include tax refunds, inheritances, settlements, awards and prizes, retroactive pay increases, and year-end bonuses at work.
  7. Crash Save – Decide that, for a month or two, you will buy only absolute necessities and save any money that remains after paying bills. At the end of the crash savings time period, treat yourself and buy the item(s) that you were saving for. Then resume your “normal” spending habits or set a new crash savings goal.
  8. Start a “Club” Savings Plan – Start a structured savings plan to save money over the course of a year for holiday or vacation expenses. Some banks and many credit unions still offer them. Unlike “coupon books” of years ago, weekly savings deposits are often transferred electronically from checking to savings.
  9. Save Your “Extra” Paychecks – Mark your paydays each year on a calendar. If you are paid bi-weekly, in two months of the year, you will receive three paychecks. If you are paid weekly, there will be four months with five paychecks. Anticipate these months in advance and plan to save part of the “extra” paycheck.
  10. Save Excess Expense Reimbursement Money – Review your employer’s reimbursement policy. If you get a fixed sum for business travel expenses, instead of having to collect receipts, and spend less than the per diem amount, save the difference. Ditto for mileage reimbursement for using a personal car for business.
  11. Reinvest Interest and Dividends Automatically – Arrange to have dividends and capital gains on mutual funds reinvested to purchase additional shares rather than receiving a check for a small amount and spending it. This is a painless way to increase investment account value over time.
  12. Participate in a Tax-Deferred Retirement Plan – Reduce your salary via payroll deduction to save for retirement and aim to take maximum advantage of employer matching. Money contributed to a 401(k), 403(b), or similar retirement savings plan and earnings on these funds grow tax-deferred until withdrawal.

For additional information about saving money, visit the America Saves program website.

——–

Spring is here! This is the perfect time to do some spring cleaning in your financial house. April has been declared as National Financial Capability Month. Throughout the month, the Financial Literacy and Education Commission (FLEC) and the Ready Campaign encourage people to take action to improve their financial futures and to be prepared when disaster strikes.

References:

  1. https://americasaves.org/resource-center/partner-resource-packets/financial-capability-month-ways-to-improve-your-financial-capability-now/
  2. https://americasaves.org

Increased Social Security Benefits for Military Veterans

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media defense.gov 2015

Many military veterans might not know this, but there are additional social security benefits for those who have served active duty, according to the VFW website.

This is an extra Social Security Administration (SSA) benefit for those with active duty status between January 1957 to December 31, 2001 with plans for retirement (and for those already retired).

A military veteran (during the before mentioned dates) qualifies for a higher social security payment because of their military service. Veterans can qualify up to $1,200 per year of earnings credit credited at time of application, which can make a substantial difference in social security monthly payments upon retirement. To apply, you must bring your DD 214 to the Social Security Office and you must ask for this benefit to receive it.

Unfortunately this program from January 2002 forward, the Defense Appropriations Act stopped the special extra earnings that have been credited to military service personnel.

This is something to put in your files when you apply for Social Security down the road. It is NOT just for retirees, but for anyone who has served on active duty during the qualifying dates.

Again, this benefit is not automatic. You must ask for it.

Claiming Social Security Benefits

You can retire as early as age 62. But if you do, your Social Security benefits will be permanently reduced.  If you decide to apply for benefits before your full retirement age, you can work and still get some Social Security benefits. There are limits on how much you can earn without losing some or all of your retirement benefits. These limits change each year. When you apply for benefits, SSA will tell you what the limits are at that time and whether work will affect your monthly benefits. In 2021, that limit increased to $18,960. Once your income exceeds that point, you’ll have $1 in Social Security withheld for every $2 you earn.

When you reach your full retirement age, SSA will not withhold your Social Security benefits, no matter how much you earn. If some of your retirement benefits were withheld due to your earnings, SSA will recalculate your benefit amount to give you credit for the months we reduced or withheld benefits due to your excess earnings.

You can receive both Social Security benefits and military retirement. Generally, there is no reduction of Social Security benefits because of your military retirement benefits. You’ll get your Social Security benefit based on your earnings and age you choose to start receiving benefits

For more information go to Social Security Administration website here: https://www.ssa.gov/planners/retire/military.html

References:

  1. https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10017.pdf

Quote of the Week

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“Happiness comes from spiritual wealth, not material wealth. Happiness comes from giving, not getting. If we try hard to bring happiness to others, we cannot stop it from coming to us also. To get joy, we must give it, and to keep joy, we must scatter it.”

Sir John Templeton, an American-born British investor, banker, fund manager, and philanthropist. He created the Templeton Growth Fund, which averaged growth over 15% per year for 38 years.

Sir Christopher Wren and The Story of Three Bricklayers

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Mindset affects just about everything–including your attitude. Your attitude is based upon your beliefs. Beliefs affect your decisions. Decisions affect your behavior, behavior affect your actions, actions affect your results.

After the Great Fire of London destroyed much of the medieval city of London in 1666, Sir Christopher Wren designed new churches and supervised the reconstruction of some of London’s most important buildings. His name is synonymous with London architecture.

He produced ambitious plans for rebuilding the whole area but they were rejected, partly because property owners insisted on keeping the sites of their destroyed buildings.

Wren did design fifty-one (51) new city churches, as well as the new St Paul’s Cathedral. In 1669, he was appointed surveyor of the royal works which effectively gave him control of all government building in the country. He was knighted in 1673.

Story of Three Bricklayers

We see things as we are; not as they are

The story of three bricklayers is a true story. After the great fire of 1666 that leveled London, the world’s most famous architect, Sir Christopher Wren, was commissioned to rebuild St Paul’s Cathedral.

One day in 1671, Sir Wren observed three bricklayers on a scaffold, one crouched, one half-standing and one standing tall, working very hard and fast.

  • To the first bricklayer, Christopher Wren asked the question, “What are you doing?” to which the bricklayer replied, “I’m a bricklayer. I am cutting this stone to a certain size and shape.” He was just doing a task
  • The second bricklayer, responded, “I’m a builder. I’m building a wall. I’m working hard laying bricks to feed my family.” He was just earning a living
  • But the third brick layer, the most productive of the three, when asked the question, “What are you doing?” replied with a gleam in his eye, “I’m a cathedral builder. I am helping Sir Christopher Wren build St. Paul’s Cathedral for The Almighty.” He was doing his small part of building a great cathedral.

The lessons from the story of three bricklayers:

  • Big Picture Thinking – Being able to see the end result and how your work contributes to that end.
  • Attitude – A positive attitude and pride in what you are doing will show up in your work and your motivation.
  • Connection to the Organization’s Mission – Employees who are rightly connected to the organization’s mission, vision, values, and goals are happier, more engaged, and more productive employees.

The Power of Purpose and Calling

The story of the three bricklayers is also a metaphor on the power of purpose, where the “cathedral builder,” demonstrates a personal expression of purpose that transforms his attitude and gives a higher meaning to his work. Another term for purpose is “calling.” For the first bricklayer, building the wall was a job. For the second bricklayer it was an occupation. For the third bricklayer, it was a calling.

A calling reflects our universal need to matter, to influence, and make a difference in the world around us.  Victor Frankel made this clear in his book, The Meaning of Life.  He wrote about how some people survived the holocaust, but so many didn’t.  One of the things he identified was those who had a purpose or reason to continue to live that was beyond themselves tended to survive, while those who were focused primarily on themselves did not.  Those who survived found some meaning in their painful circumstances.  The meaning they found was in caring for and helping others in this horrible experience.

References:

  1. https://www.thoughtco.com/sir-christopher-wren-rebuilder-of-london-177429
  2. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wren_christopher.shtml
  3. https://sacredstructures.org/mission/the-story-of-three-bricklayers-a-parable-about-the-power-of-purpose

5 Simple Rules for Investing Success

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“Definiteness of purpose or single-mindedness combined with PMA (positive mental attitude) is the starting point of all worthwhile achievement. It means that you should have one high, desirable, outstanding goal and keep it ever before you.” W. Clement Stone

Investing is a mental game.  And to be successful at the mental game, you must adjust your mindset and retrain your thinking that as a long-term investor, you need to be able to buy stocks and open new positions when the market is crashing or correcting.  You’re genetically programmed to be a lousy investor.  You must set up systems and rules to fight our normal urges and invest at what appears to be the absolute worst time and when everyone else is fearful and selling.

It is important to accept the fact that you will absolutely enter a position at the wrong time and make a bad buy in the short term.  It happens to every investor at sometime in their life.

Investing doesn’t have to be intimidating or challenging. To get started investing in stocks and bonds, you should follow with deliberate purpose and action five simple rules for building a long-term portfolio, according to TD Ameritrade:

  1. Contribute early and often – The single most important thing you can do in investing is to invest early and save often. Thanks to the magic of compounding, money invested early has more time to grow. Delaying investing can have a significant effect on your portfolio. In fact, for every 10 years you wait before starting to investing, you’ll need to save roughly three times as much every month in order to catch up.
  2. Minimize fees and taxes – Charges and taxes will have an impact on your overall returns, so it’s important to take these into consideration when choosing your investments.
  3. Diversify your portfolio – We all know the saying ‘don’t put all your eggs in one basket’, but it’s particularly important to apply this rule when investing. Spreading your money across a range of different types of assets and geographical areas means you won’t be depending too heavily on one kind of investment or region. That means if one of them performs badly, some of your other investments might make up for these losses, although there are no guarantees.
  4. Consider how much time you have – Investing should never be considered a ‘get rich quick’ scheme. You need to remain invested for at least ten years, but preferably much longer to give your investments the best chance of providing the returns you’re hoping for. Even then you must be comfortable accepting the risk that you could get less than you put in. If your investment goals are short-term, for example, two or three years away, investing won’t be right for you, as you’ll need to keep your money readily accessible, usually in a savings account.
  5. Have a financial plan and focus on long-term goals – A financial plan creates a roadmap for your money and helps you achieve your goals. It is a comprehensive picture of your current finances, your financial goals and any strategies you’ve set to achieve those goals. Good financial planning should include details about your cash flow, savings, debt, investments, insurance and any other elements of your financial life. Knowing what your financial goals are and what sort of timeframe you are investing over may help you stick to your plan and strategy. For example, if you have long-terms goals, perhaps saving for retirement which may be several decades away, you may be less tempted to dip into your investments before you stop work.

And, never forget the top two and oldest rules for investors, according to Warren Buffet:

  • Rule #1 of investing is “Don’t Lose Money.”
  • Rule #2 is “Don’t forget rule #1.”

What Buffett is referring to is a state of mind and philosophy for investing. Simply, it means that there’s no such thing as “play money.” You don’t go out and speculate on a stock. You remain patient and disciplined, whether your tax deferred or brokerage accounts are up or down for the month or year.

Investing is not gambling and the stock market is not a casino. There’s no such thing as the house’s money in investing. It’s all your money, and it has to be protected.

So, don’t become anchored to the price of stocks, instead focus on buying good businesses at fair prices.  Only thing that truly matters in investing is the long-term future prospects (innovation, moat, management acumen) and growth opportunities of businesses. Don’t let the loss in the price of a stock get in your head and don’t let a short-term paper loss sway your emotions, behaviors or actions.

Better to be a regular investor rather than be perfect or optimize to price of the stock.  And remember, celebrate good stock buys, and recognize and learn from bad buys.

References:

  1. https://www.barclays.co.uk/smart-investor/news-and-research/investing-for-beginners/10-golden-rules-for-investors
  2. https://www.fool.com/retirement/2007/08/06/invest-early-and-often.aspx
  3. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/11/6-lessons-top-6-investors.asp
  4. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental-analysis/09/market-investor-axioms.asp
  5. https://cabotwealth.com/daily/how-to-invest/10-basic-rules-of-investing-according-to-the-legends

The Magic Penny…The Power of Compounding

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Imagine that a stranger walks up to you tomorrow and either offers you a one time payment of one million dollars ($1,000,000) in cash now or offers you a ‘magic penny’ that doubles in value everyday for thirty-one days.  In other words, when you wake up the next day, you miraculously have two pennies; on day three, four pennies; on day four eight pennies, and so forth.

Which would you take?

Believe it or not, thanks to the magic of compounding, the ‘magic penny’ would be worth over $10 million dollars after thirty-one days.  In other words, you would be better off taking the ‘magic penny’ than accepting a one-time payment of $1,000,000.  The illustration below shows the math:

Starting to save for retirement late can greatly reduce your overall nest egg

Investing Early Is Crucial

Getting started saving and investing early is perhaps the most important retirement axiom in personal finance.  The magical penny not only provides a vivid example of the sheer power of exponential growth, but also helps reinforce the value of early savings. By missing just the first nine days of the thirty-one days results in a significant difference in final outcome in accumulated values.

Reference:

  1. https://www.forbes.com/sites/shaharziv/2019/07/30/can-you-correctly-answer-the-magical-penny-question